SNHR announced today that it had documented at least 587 attacks on vital civilian facilities by the parties to the conflict were documented in December.
 
The report notes that Syrian regime forces, then Syrian-Russian alliance forces, are once again far ahead of all other parties in targeting vital civilian facilities – especially in the areas under the control of the armed opposition, and to a lesser degree in ISIS-held areas, adding that repeated attacks on thousands of vital facilities have been recorded, which proves conclusively that these facilities were deliberately destroyed or severely damaged in attacks which included hundreds of massacres.
 
As the report shows, while other parties committed similar violations to varying degrees, these were never on the massive scale of the crimes by the Syrian-Russian-Iranian forces.
 
The report includes attacks that have been documented, including deliberate incidents of bombardment that targeted civilian structures and facilities, instances of looting, and attacks that left such structures and facilities largely or wholly non-functional and prevented them from fulfilling their purpose in serving civilians despite the lack of any pressing military necessity in attacking these structures, none of which were being used for any combat purposes by any party which might conceivably have justified other parties in the conflict targeting them.
 
This report draws upon the ongoing monitoring of news and development by SNHR team, and on accounts by survivors, eyewitnesses, and local media activists, in addition to analyzing a large number of videos and pictures that were posted online or sent by local activists.
 
According to the report, December saw a rise in the number of attacks on vital civilian facilities compared to the previous two months, with the highest number of attacks once again being perpetrated by Syrian Regime forces, which carried out 13 such attacks, all within the fourth de-escalation zone.
The report adds that in the first quarter of 2018, 60 percent of the total number of attacks on vital civilian facilities were documented following the military escalation witnessed in the three de-escalation zones (specific areas within the northern Homs governorate, parts of the Daraa and Quneitra governorates, and the Eastern Ghouta in Damascus Suburbs governorate) which caused extensive destruction and led to the forced displacement of those areas’ residents, and to these areas being controlled by Syrian Regime forces. The report notes that while the last nine months witnessed an unprecedented increase in the frequency of bombings, most of these have been in the northern Syria region which had broken free from the control of Syrian Regime forces, with this increase in bombing accompanied by attacks on vital civilian facilities. The report also adds that Syrian-Russian forces committed 73 percent of the attacks on vital civilian facilities during this period, once again putting it far ahead of any of the other parties of the conflict in Syria in this category as in others, with 68 percent of these attacks targeting medical facilities, schools, mosques and markets.
 
The report documents 587 attacks on vital civilian facilities in 2018, which were distributed according to the perpetrators as follows: 292 attacks by Syrian Regime forces, 131 attacks by Russian forces, six by ISIS, five by Hay’at Tahrir al Sham, seven by factions of the Armed Opposition, 21 by International Coalition forces, 10 by Kurdish Self-Management forces, and 115 by other parties.
 
The report also gives details of the vital facilities attacked in 2018, which were distributed: 139 infrastructures, 132 vital medical facilities, 121 places of worship, 115 vital educational facilities, 50 communal facilities, 17 refugee camps, nine International Humanitarian insignias, four vital cultural facilities
 
The report documents at least 31 attacks in December, including 13 attacks by Syrian Regime forces. In addition, ISIS was responsible for one attack, Hay’at Tahrir al Sham for two attacks, International Coalition forces for six attacks, and other parties for nine attacks.
 
The report provides a breakdown of the vital facilities that were attacked in December, as follows: 11 infrastructure facilities, nine vital educational facilities, six places of worship, four vital medical facilities, and one communal facility.
 
The report highlights only the most notable incidents, adding that the complete details of all the incidents documented are stored on the SNHR database. Additionally, the report notes that the incidents documented are only the bare minimum due to the many practical challenges involved in the documentation process.
 
The report stresses that Syrian-Russian-Iranian forces have violated Security Council resolutions 2139 and 2254 through use of indiscriminate bombardment, in addition to violating articles 52, 53, 54, 55, and 56 of the Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, as well as rules 7 through 10 of customary international humanitarian law.
 
The report adds that Coalition Forces (the international coalition and SDF) have carried out attacks that caused significant damages to civilian facilities. In most cases, these attacks also resulted in losses that involved casualties. There are strong indicators suggesting that the damage was excessive compared to the anticipated military benefit.
 
In addition, the report notes that the other parties involved in the conflict have also carried out attacks that targeted civilian structures, which also resulted, in some cases, in loss of lives. These violations might qualify as war crimes. However, these violations don’t fit the criteria to qualify as crimes against humanity, as with the Syrian regime and pro-regime forces.
 
The report calls on the Security Council to take additional action following the adoption of resolutions 2139 and 2254. Also, the report stresses that the Syrian crisis should be referred to the International Criminal Court and all those involved in perpetrating crimes should be held accountable, including the Russian regime whose involvement in multiple war crimes has been conclusively proven.
 
In addition, the report calls for the implementation of the ‘Responsibility to Protect (R2P)’ norm, especially after all political channels have been exhausted, including all agreements, as well as Cessation of Hostilities statements and Astana agreements. The report stresses that action should be taken under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, and that the ‘Responsibility to Protect’ norm, which was established by the United Nations General Assembly, should be implemented.
The report calls on the European Union and the United States of America to support the International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism that was established in accordance with General Assembly Resolution 71/248, adopted on December 21, 2016, and establish local tribunals that enjoy universal jurisdiction, while effectively addressing the war crimes perpetrated in Syria.
 
Also, the report calls on the Commission of Inquiry (COI) and the International, Impartial, and Independent Mechanism (IIIM) to launch investigations into the incidents included in this report and previous reports. The report stresses that SNHR is willing to cooperate and provide further evidence and data.
 
Additionally, the report calls on the Russian regime and international coalition forces to launch investigations into the incidents included in the report, to make the findings of these investigations public to the Syrian people, and to hold all those who were involved accountable.
Furthermore, the report calls on the states supporting the SDF to apply pressure on these forces in order to compel them to cease all of their violations in all the areas and towns under their control, and to cease all forms of support, including weapons.
 
Lastly, the report calls on armed opposition factions to ensure the protection of civilians in all the areas under their control, and to launch investigations into the attacks that have resulted in civilian casualties. Additionally, armed opposition factions should take care to distinguish between civilian and military targets, and cease any indiscriminate attacks.
 

View full Report

SNHR said today that no less than 18 attacks on vital civilian facilities by the parties to the conflict were documented in November.
 
The report notes that Syrian regime forces, and then Syrian-Russian alliance forces, have trumped all parties in targeting vital civilian facilities – especially in the areas under the control of armed opposition, and to a lesser degree in ISIS-held areas, adding that repeated attacks on thousands of vital facilities have been recorded, which proves that these facilities were deliberately destroyed and corrupted, in addition to hundreds of massacres that resulted from attacks on such objects.
 
According to the report, other parties committed similar violations, but to varying degrees, and never to the extent of the crimes by the Syrian-Russian-Iranian forces.
 
The report includes the attacks that have been monitored, including deliberate bombardments that targeted civilian objects, lootings, and attacks that involve disabling these objects and undermining their purpose in serving civilians despite the lack of any pressing military necessity or these objects being used for combat purposes by a party which would have justified targeting them by the other parties to the conflict.
 
This report draws upon the ongoing monitoring of news and development by SNHR team, and on accounts by survivors, eyewitnesses, and local media activists, in addition to analyzing a large number of videos and pictures that were posted online or sent by local activists.
 
According to the report, the second half of November saw an escalation in bombings by Syrian regime forces in Idlib de-escalation zone. These attacks caused severe damage to several vital civilian centers, as did the continued insecurity in the Syrian north, which was accompanied by an unprecedented rise in bombings, whose perpetrators we have been unable to identify, for the eighth consecutive month, which resulted in an increase in the number of vital facilities damaged.
Meanwhile, Idlib governorate saw the largest number of attacks on civilian vital centers in November with 11 incidents, followed by Aleppo governorate with 5 incidents.
 
The report documents 554 attacks on vital civilian facilities since the start of 2018, while the report documents no less than 18 attacks in November, including 7 attacks by Syrian regime forces. In addition, Hay’at Tahrir al Sham was responsible for one attack, Kurdish Self-Management Forces for one attack, international coalition forces for one attack, and other parties for 8 attacks.
 
The report breaks down the vital facilities that were attacked in November, which were as follows: two infrastructure facilities, five places of worship, two vital medical facilities, 7 vital educational facilities and two IDP camps.
 
The report highlights only the most notable incidents, adding that the complete incidents’ details are stored in SNHR database. Additionally, the report notes that what has been documented is only the bare minimum in light of the many practical challenges in the course of documentation
 
The report stresses that Syrian-Russian-Iranian forces have violated Security Council resolutions 2139 and 2254 through indiscriminate bombardments, in addition to violating articles 52,53,54,55, and 56 of the Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, as well as rules 7 through 10 of the customary international humanitarian law.
 
The report adds that the Coalition forces (the international coalition and SDF) have carried out attacks that caused significant damages to civilian facilities. In most cases, these attacks have also resulted in losses that involved casualties. There are strong indicators suggesting that the damage was too excessive compared to the anticipated military benefit.
 
In addition, the report notes that the other parties have carried out attacks that targeted civilian objects, which also resulted, in some cases, in loss of lives. These violations might qualify as war crimes. However, these violations don’t qualify as crimes against humanity, as with the Syrian regime and pro-regime forces.
 
The report calls on the Security Council to take additional steps after resolutions 2139 and 2254 have been adopted. Also, the report stresses that the Syrian case should be referred to the International Criminal Court and all those who were involved should be held accountable, including the Russian regime whose involvement in war crimes has been proven.
 
In addition, the report calls for the implementation of the “Responsibility to Protect (R2P)” norm, especially after all political channels have been consumed through all agreements, as well as Cessation of Hostilities statements and Astana agreements. The report stresses that action should be taken under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, and the “Responsibility to Protect” norm, which was established by the United Nations General Assembly, should be implemented.
The report calls on the European Union and the United States of America to support the International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism that was established in accordance with General Assembly Resolution 71/248, adopted on December 21, 2016. And establish local tribunals that enjoy a universal jurisdiction, and address the war crimes that were perpetrated in Syria.
 
Also, the report calls on the Commission of Inquiry (COI) and the International, Impartial, and Independent Mechanism (IIIM) to launch investigations on the incidents included in this report and past reports. The report stresses that SNHR is willing to cooperate and provide more evidences and data.
 
Additionally, the report calls on the Russian regime and international coalition forces to launch investigations in the incidents included in the report, made the findings of these investigations public to the Syrian people, and hold all who were involved accountable.
Further, the report calls on the SDF-supporting states to apply pressure on these forces in order to compel them to cease all of their violations in all the areas and towns that are under their control. And cease all forms of support, including weapons.
 
Lastly, the report calls on armed opposition factions to ensure the protection of civilians in all of their areas of control, and launch investigations on the attacks that resulted in civilian victims. Additionally, armed opposition factions should distinguish between civilians and military targets, and cease any indiscriminate attacks.
 

View full Report

SNHR said today that no less than 17 attacks on vital civilian facilities by the parties to the conflict were documented in October.
 
The report notes that Syrian regime forces, and then Syrian-Russian alliance forces, have trumped all parties in targeting vital civilian facilities – especially in the areas under the control of armed opposition, and to a lesser degree in ISIS-held areas, adding that repeated attacks on thousands of vital facilities have been recorded, which proves that these facilities were deliberately destroyed and damaged, in addition to hundreds of massacres that resulted from attacks on such objects.
 
According to the report, other parties committed similar violations, but to varying degrees, and never to the extent of the crimes committed by the Syrian-Russian-Iranian forces.
 
The report includes the attacks that have been monitored, including deliberate bombardments that targeted civilian objects, lootings, and attacks that involve disabling these objects and undermining their purpose in serving civilians despite the lack of any imperative military necessity or these objects being used for combat purposes by a party which would have justified targeting them by the other parties to the conflict.
 
This report draws upon the ongoing monitoring of news and development by SNHR team, in addition to analyzing a large number of videos and pictures that were posted online or sent by local activists.
 
According to the report, October saw a significant de-escalation in terms of the scope of military operations by the various parties to the conflict, except for international coalition forces and Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) who escalated their attacks in the second half of the month on ISIS-held areas in east Syria. Meanwhile, most of the areas that have broken away from Syrian regime control saw an unprecedented rise in bombings, whose perpetrators we have been unable to identify, for the consecutive seventh month, which resulted in an increase in the number of damaged vital facilities.
The report notes that the most heavily attacked vital civilian facilities in October were places of worship, which were subjected to six attacks, followed by vital educational facilities with five attacks. Meanwhile, Deir Ez-Zour saw the largest number of attacks in October with six attacks.
 
The report documents 537 attacks on vital civilian facilities since the start of 2018, while the report documents no less than 17 attacks in October that were divided according to the perpetrator party to one attack by Syrian regime forces, one attack by ISIS, four attack by Kurdish Self-Management forces, three attacks by international coalition forces, and eight attacks by other parties.
 
The report breaks down the vital facilities that were attacked in October, which were as follows: four infrastructures, six places of worship, one communal facility, five vital educational facilities, and one refugee camp
 
The report highlights only the most notable incidents, adding that the complete incidents’ details are stored in SNHR database. Additionally, the report notes that what has been documented is only the bare minimum in light of the many practical challenges in the course of documentation
 
The report stresses that Syrian-Russian-Iranian forces have violated Security Council resolutions 2139 and 2254 through indiscriminate bombardments, in addition to violating articles 52,53,54,55, and 56 of the Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, as well as rules 7 through 10 of the customary international humanitarian law.
 
The report adds that the Coalition forces (the international coalition and SDF) have carried out attacks that caused significant damages to civilian facilities. In most cases, these attacks have also resulted in losses that involved casualties. There are strong indicators suggesting that the damage was too excessive compared to the anticipated military benefit.
 
In addition, the report notes that the other parties have carried out attacks that targeted civilian objects, which also resulted, in some cases, in loss of lives. These violations might qualify as war crimes. However, these violations don’t qualify as crimes against humanity, as with the Syrian regime and pro-regime forces.
 
The report calls on the Security Council to take additional steps after resolutions 2139 and 2254 have been adopted. Also, the report stresses that the Syrian case should be referred to the International Criminal Court and all those who were involved should be held accountable, including the Russian regime whose involvement in war crimes has been proven.
 
In addition, the report calls for the implementation of the “Responsibility to Protect (R2P)” norm, especially after all political channels have been consumed through all agreements, as well as Cessation of Hostilities statements and Astana agreements. The report stresses that action should be taken under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, and the “Responsibility to Protect” norm, which was established by the United Nations General Assembly, should be implemented.
The report calls on the European Union and the United States of America to support the International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism that was established in accordance with General Assembly Resolution 71/248, adopted on December 21, 2016. And establish local tribunals that enjoy a universal jurisdiction, and address the war crimes that were perpetrated in Syria.
 
Also, the report calls on the Commission of Inquiry (COI) and the International, Impartial, and Independent Mechanism (IIIM) to launch investigations on the incidents included in this report and past reports. The report stresses that SNHR is willing to cooperate and provide more evidences and data.
 
Additionally, the report calls on the Russian regime and international coalition forces to launch investigations in the incidents included in the report, made the findings of these investigations public to the Syrian people, and hold all who were involved accountable.
Further, the report calls on the SDF-supporting states to apply pressure on these forces in order to compel them to cease all of their violations in all the areas and towns that are under their control. And cease all forms of support, including weapons.
 
Lastly, the report calls on armed opposition factions to ensure the protection of civilians in all of their areas of control, and launch investigations on the attacks that resulted in civilian victims. Additionally, armed opposition factions should distinguish between civilians and military targets, and cease any indiscriminate attacks.
 

View full Report

SNHR said today that no less than 31 attacks on vital civilian facilities by the parties to the conflict were documented in September.
 
The report notes that Syrian regime forces, and then Syrian-Russian alliance forces, have trumped all parties in targeting vital civilian facilities – especially in the areas under the control of armed opposition, and to a lesser degree in ISIS-held areas, adding that repeated attacks on thousands of vital facilities have been recorded, which proves that these facilities were deliberately destroyed and damaged, in addition to hundreds of massacres that resulted from attacks on such objects.
 
According to the report, other parties committed similar violations, but to varying degrees, and never to the extent of the crimes committed by the Syrian-Russian-Iranian forces.
 
The report includes the attacks that have been monitored, including deliberate bombardments that targeted civilian objects, lootings, and attacks that involve disabling these objects and undermining their purpose in serving civilians despite the lack of any imperative military necessity or these objects being used for combat purposes by a party which would have justified targeting them by the other parties to the conflict.
 
This report draws upon the ongoing monitoring of news and development by SNHR team, in addition to analyzing a large number of videos and pictures that were posted online or sent by local activists.
 
According to the report, The first third of September saw a military escalation by Russian-Syrian alliance forces on north Syria that led to many vital civilian facilities being damaged – all of them were in Idlib and Hama governorates. In addition, the report notes that bombings, carried out by parties we weren’t able to identify, have been on an unprecedented rise for the sixth month in a row across north Syria, causing damages to an increasing number of vital civilian facilities, as the report documents seven incidents in north Syria.
The report adds that Idlib governorate recorded the highest number of attacks on vital civilian facilities with 16, including 13 attacks by Russian-Syrian alliance forces.
 
The report documents 520 attacks on vital civilian facilities since the start of 2018, while the report documents no less than 31 attacks in September, including six attacks by Syrian regime forces and 10 attacks by Russian force. In addition, ISIS was responsible for one attack, while factions from the armed opposition were responsible for three attacks. In addition, international coalition forces were responsible for three attacks, and, lastly, other parties carried out seven attacks.
 
The report breaks down the vital facilities that were attacked in September, which were as follows: 11 infrastructures, four places of worship, seven vital medical facilities, and nine vital educational facilities
 
The report highlights only the most notable incidents, adding that the complete incidents’ details are stored in SNHR database. Additionally, the report notes that what has been documented is only the bare minimum in light of the many practical challenges in the course of documentation
 
The report stresses that Syrian-Russian-Iranian forces have violated Security Council resolutions 2139 and 2254 through indiscriminate bombardments, in addition to violating articles 52,53,54,55, and 56 of the Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, as well as rules 7 through 10 of the customary international humanitarian law.
 
The report adds that the Coalition forces (the international coalition and SDF) have carried out attacks that caused significant damages to civilian facilities. In most cases, these attacks have also resulted in losses that involved casualties. There are strong indicators suggesting that the damage was too excessive compared to the anticipated military benefit.
 
In addition, the report notes that the other parties have carried out attacks that targeted civilian objects, which also resulted, in some cases, in loss of lives. These violations might qualify as war crimes. However, these violations don’t qualify as crimes against humanity, as with the Syrian regime and pro-regime forces.
 
The report calls on the Security Council to take additional steps after resolutions 2139 and 2254 have been adopted. Also, the report stresses that the Syrian case should be referred to the International Criminal Court and all those who were involved should be held accountable, including the Russian regime whose involvement in war crimes has been proven.
 
In addition, the report calls for the implementation of the “Responsibility to Protect (R2P)” norm, especially after all political channels have been consumed through all agreements, as well as Cessation of Hostilities statements and Astana agreements. The report stresses that action should be taken under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, and the “Responsibility to Protect” norm, which was established by the United Nations General Assembly, should be implemented.
The report calls on the European Union and the United States of America to support the International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism that was established in accordance with General Assembly Resolution 71/248, adopted on December 21, 2016. And establish local tribunals that enjoy a universal jurisdiction, and address the war crimes that were perpetrated in Syria.
 
Also, the report calls on the Commission of Inquiry (COI) and the International, Impartial, and Independent Mechanism (IIIM) to launch investigations on the incidents included in this report and past reports. The report stresses that SNHR is willing to cooperate and provide more evidences and data.
 
Additionally, the report calls on the Russian regime and international coalition forces to launch investigations in the incidents included in the report, made the findings of these investigations public to the Syrian people, and hold all who were involved accountable.
Further, the report calls on the SDF-supporting states to apply pressure on these forces in order to compel them to cease all of their violations in all the areas and towns that are under their control. And cease all forms of support, including weapons.
 
Lastly, the report calls on armed opposition factions to ensure the protection of civilians in all of their areas of control, and launch investigations on the attacks that resulted in civilian victims. Additionally, armed opposition factions should distinguish between civilians and military targets, and cease any indiscriminate attacks.
 

View full Report

SNHR said today that no less than 15 attacks on vital civilian facilities by the parties to the conflict were documented in August.
 
The report notes that Syrian regime forces, and then Syrian-Russian alliance forces, have trumped all parties in targeting vital civilian facilities – especially in the areas under the control of armed opposition, and to a lesser degree in ISIS-held areas, adding that repeated attacks on thousands of vital facilities have been recorded, which proves that these facilities were deliberately destroyed and corrupted, in addition to hundreds of massacres that resulted from attacks on such objects.
 
According to the report, other parties committed similar violations, but to varying degrees, and never to the extent of the crimes by the Syrian-Russian-Iranian forces.
 
The report includes the attacks that have been monitored, including deliberate bombardments that targeted civilian objects, lootings, and attacks that involve disabling these objects and undermining their purpose in serving civilians despite the lack of any pressing military necessity or these objects being used for combat purposes by a party which would have justified targeting them by the other parties to the conflict.
 
This report draws upon the ongoing monitoring of news and development by SNHR team, and on accounts by survivors, eyewitnesses, and local media activists, in addition to analyzing a large number of videos and pictures that were posted online or sent by local activists.
 
According to the report, Scale of military operations by the different parties to the conflict throughout Syria saw a drop in August, which notably reflected on the attacks on vital civilian facilities this month compared to past months. Most of August’s attacks targeted vital medical facilities, where Idlib governorate recorded the majority of the attacks in August at a percentage of 67% of all attacks.
 
The report documents 489 attacks on vital civilian facilities since the start of 2018, while the report documents no less than 15 attacks in August, including four attacks by Syrian regime forces. Additionally, two attacks were carried out by factions from the armed opposition, two by international coalition forces, and seven by other parties.
 
The report breaks down the vital facilities that were attacked in August, which were as follows: three infrastructures, one place of worship, seven vital medical facilities, one communal facility, and three vital educational facilities.
 
The report highlights only the most notable incidents, adding that the complete incidents’ details are stored in SNHR database. Additionally, the report notes that what has been documented is only the bare minimum in light of the many practical challenges in the course of documentation
 
The report stresses that Syrian-Russian-Iranian forces have violated Security Council resolutions 2139 and 2254 through indiscriminate bombardments, in addition to violating articles 52,53,54,55, and 56 of the Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, as well as rules 7 through 10 of the customary international humanitarian law.
 
The report adds that the Coalition forces (the international coalition and SDF) have carried out attacks that caused significant damages to civilian facilities. In most cases, these attacks have also resulted in losses that involved casualties. There are strong indicators suggesting that the damage was too excessive compared to the anticipated military benefit.
 
In addition, the report notes that the other parties have carried out attacks that targeted civilian objects, which also resulted, in some cases, in loss of lives. These violations might qualify as war crimes. However, these violations don’t qualify as crimes against humanity, as with the Syrian regime and pro-regime forces.
 
The report calls on the Security Council to take additional steps after resolutions 2139 and 2254 have been adopted. Also, the report stresses that the Syrian case should be referred to the International Criminal Court and all those who were involved should be held accountable, including the Russian regime whose involvement in war crimes has been proven.
 
In addition, the report calls for the implementation of the “Responsibility to Protect (R2P)” norm, especially after all political channels have been consumed through all agreements, as well as Cessation of Hostilities statements and Astana agreements. The report stresses that action should be taken under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, and the “Responsibility to Protect” norm, which was established by the United Nations General Assembly, should be implemented.
The report calls on the European Union and the United States of America to support the International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism that was established in accordance with General Assembly Resolution 71/248, adopted on December 21, 2016. And establish local tribunals that enjoy a universal jurisdiction, and address the war crimes that were perpetrated in Syria.
 
Also, the report calls on the Commission of Inquiry (COI) and the International, Impartial, and Independent Mechanism (IIIM) to launch investigations on the incidents included in this report and past reports. The report stresses that SNHR is willing to cooperate and provide more evidences and data.
 
Additionally, the report calls on the Russian regime and international coalition forces to launch investigations in the incidents included in the report, made the findings of these investigations public to the Syrian people, and hold all who were involved accountable.
Further, the report calls on the SDF-supporting states to apply pressure on these forces in order to compel them to cease all of their violations in all the areas and towns that are under their control. And cease all forms of support, including weapons.
 
Lastly, the report calls on armed opposition factions to ensure the protection of civilians in all of their areas of control, and launch investigations on the attacks that resulted in civilian victims. Additionally, armed opposition factions should distinguish between civilians and military targets, and cease any indiscriminate attacks.
 

View full Report

SNHR said today that no less than 21 attacks on vital civilian facilities by the parties to the conflict were documented in July.
 
The report notes that Syrian regime forces, and then Syrian-Russian alliance forces, have trumped all parties in targeting vital civilian facilities – especially in the areas under the control of armed opposition, and to a lesser degree in ISIS-held areas, adding that repeated attacks on thousands of vital facilities have been recorded, which proves that these facilities were deliberately destroyed and corrupted, in addition to hundreds of massacres that resulted from attacks on such objects.
 
According to the report, other parties committed similar violations, but to varying degrees, and never to the extent of the crimes by the Syrian-Russian-Iranian forces.
 
The report includes the attacks that have been monitored, including deliberate bombardments that targeted civilian objects, lootings, and attacks that involve disabling these objects and undermining their purpose in serving civilians despite the lack of any pressing military necessity or these objects being used for combat purposes by a party which would have justified targeting them by the other parties to the conflict.
 
This report draws upon the ongoing monitoring of news and development by SNHR team, and on accounts by survivors, eyewitnesses, and local media activists, in addition to analyzing a large number of videos and pictures that were posted online or sent by local activists.
 
The report notes that Russian-Syrian alliance forces launched a vicious offensive in Daraa governorate on June 15 which lasted throughout July and later expanded to include all of the areas not under the control of Syrian regime forces in south Syria. This offensive resulted in damages to operating vital facilities despite their diminishing numbers in light of residents fleeing their hometowns. South Syria saw nine attacks on vital civilian facilities by Russian-Syrian alliance forces in July out of 11 attacks for which those forces were responsible.
The report adds that bombings in north Syria, which the report couldn’t identify their perpetrators, are still on an unprecedented rise for the fourth month in a row which led to more damages to vital facilities as a result of those bombings. We have documented six incidents in north Syria, out of eight recorded in July across Syria.
 
The report documents 474 attacks on vital civilian facilities since the start of 2018, while the report documents no less than 21 attacks in July including 11 attacks by Syrian regime forces, one attack by ISIS, one attack by international coalition forces, and eight attack by other parties.
 
The report breaks down the vital facilities that were attacked in July, which were as follows: four attacks on infrastructures, six attacks on places of worship, four attacks on vital medical facilities, one attack on a communal facility, four attacks on vital educational facilities, one attack on a refugee camp, and one attack on a vital cultural facility.
 
The report highlights only the most notable incidents, adding that the complete incidents’ details are stored in SNHR database. Additionally, the report notes that what has been documented is only the bare minimum in light of the many practical challenges in the course of documentation
 
The report stresses that Syrian-Russian-Iranian forces have violated Security Council resolutions 2139 and 2254 through indiscriminate bombardments, in addition to violating articles 52,53,54,55, and 56 of the Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, as well as rules 7 through 10 of the customary international humanitarian law.
 
The report adds that the Coalition forces (the international coalition and SDF) have carried out attacks that caused significant damages to civilian facilities. In most cases, these attacks have also resulted in losses that involved casualties. There are strong indicators suggesting that the damage was too excessive compared to the anticipated military benefit.
 
In addition, the report notes that the other parties have carried out attacks that targeted civilian objects, which also resulted, in some cases, in loss of lives. These violations might qualify as war crimes. However, these violations don’t qualify as crimes against humanity, as with the Syrian regime and pro-regime forces.
 
The report calls on the Security Council to take additional steps after resolutions 2139 and 2254 have been adopted. Also, the report stresses that the Syrian case should be referred to the International Criminal Court and all those who were involved should be held accountable, including the Russian regime whose involvement in war crimes has been proven.
 
In addition, the report calls for the implementation of the “Responsibility to Protect (R2P)” norm, especially after all political channels have been consumed through all agreements, as well as Cessation of Hostilities statements and Astana agreements. The report stresses that action should be taken under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, and the “Responsibility to Protect” norm, which was established by the United Nations General Assembly, should be implemented.
The report calls on the European Union and the United States of America to support the International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism that was established in accordance with General Assembly Resolution 71/248, adopted on December 21, 2016. And establish local tribunals that enjoy a universal jurisdiction, and address the war crimes that were perpetrated in Syria.
 
Also, the report calls on the Commission of Inquiry (COI) and the International, Impartial, and Independent Mechanism (IIIM) to launch investigations on the incidents included in this report and past reports. The report stresses that SNHR is willing to cooperate and provide more evidences and data.
 
Additionally, the report calls on the Russian regime and international coalition forces to launch investigations in the incidents included in the report, made the findings of these investigations public to the Syrian people, and hold all who were involved accountable.
Further, the report calls on the SDF-supporting states to apply pressure on these forces in order to compel them to cease all of their violations in all the areas and towns that are under their control. And cease all forms of support, including weapons.
 
Lastly, the report calls on armed opposition factions to ensure the protection of civilians in all of their areas of control, and launch investigations on the attacks that resulted in civilian victims. Additionally, armed opposition factions should distinguish between civilians and military targets, and cease any indiscriminate attacks.
 

View full Report

SNHR said today that no less than 453 attacks on vital civilian facilities by the parties to the conflict in Syria were documented in the first half of 2018, including 38 in June.
 
The report notes that Syrian regime forces, and then Syrian-Russian alliance forces, have trumped all parties in targeting vital civilian facilities – especially in the areas under the control of armed opposition, and to a lesser degree in ISIS-held areas, adding that repeated attacks on thousands of vital facilities have been recorded, which proves that these facilities were deliberately destroyed and corrupted, in addition to hundreds of massacres that resulted from attacks on such objects.
 
According to the report, other parties committed similar violations, but to varying degrees, and never to the extent of the crimes by the Syrian-Russian-Iranian forces.
 
The report includes the attacks that have been monitored, including deliberate bombardments that targeted civilian objects, lootings, and attacks that involve disabling these objects and undermining their purpose in serving civilians despite the lack of any pressing military necessity or these objects being used for combat purposes by a party which would have justified targeting them by the other parties to the conflict.
 
This report draws upon the ongoing monitoring of news and development by SNHR team, and on accounts by survivors, eyewitnesses, and local media activists, in addition to analyzing a large number of videos and pictures that were posted online or sent by local activists.
 
The report notes that Russian-Syrian alliance forces launched a vicious offensive in south Syria in mid-June which resulted in damages to vital civilian facilities.
According to the report, Russian-Syrian alliance forces topped all parties with 31 attacks on vital civilian facilities, including 16 in Daraa governorate and 11 in Idlib governorate.
 
The report documents 453 attacks on vital civilian facilities in the first half of 2018 that were distributed by the perpetrator party as follows: 250 by Syrian regime forces, 121 by Russian forces, two by ISIS, two by Hay’at Tahrir al Sham, five by international coalition forces, five by Kurdish Self-Management forces, and 67 by other parties.
 
The report breaks down the most notable facilities that were attacked in the first half of 2018: 108 vital medical facilities, 103 infrastructures, 93 places of worship, 78 vital educational facilities, 46 communal facilities, 13 refugee camps, nine international humanitarian insignia, and three vital cultural facilities.
 
The report records 38 attacks on vital civilian facilities in June. Attacks were distributed by the perpetrator party as follows: 29 by Syrian regime forces, two by Russian forces, two by international coalition forces, and five by other parties.
 
The report breaks down the most notable facilities that were attacked in June: 10 places of worship, eight vital educational facilities, nine infrastructures, nine vital medical facilities, one communal facility, and one international humanitarian insignia.
 
The report highlights only the most notable incidents, adding that the complete incidents’ details are stored in SNHR database. Additionally, the report notes that what has been documented is only the bare minimum in light of the many practical challenges in the course of documentation
 
The report stresses that Syrian-Russian-Iranian forces have violated Security Council resolutions 2139 and 2254 through indiscriminate bombardments, in addition to violating articles 52,53,54,55, and 56 of the Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, as well as rules 7 through 10 of the customary international humanitarian law.
 
The report adds that the Coalition forces (the international coalition and SDF) have carried out attacks that caused significant damages to civilian facilities. In most cases, these attacks have also resulted in losses that involved casualties. There are strong indicators suggesting that the damage was too excessive compared to the anticipated military benefit.
 
In addition, the report notes that the other parties have carried out attacks that targeted civilian objects, which also resulted, in some cases, in loss of lives. These violations might qualify as war crimes. However, these violations don’t qualify as crimes against humanity, as with the Syrian regime and pro-regime forces.
 
The report calls on the Security Council to take additional steps after resolutions 2139 and 2254 have been adopted. Also, the report stresses that the Syrian case should be referred to the International Criminal Court and all those who were involved should be held accountable, including the Russian regime whose involvement in war crimes has been proven.
 
In addition, the report calls for the implementation of the “Responsibility to Protect (R2P)” norm, especially after all political channels have been consumed through all agreements, as well as Cessation of Hostilities statements and Astana agreements. The report stresses that action should be taken under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, and the “Responsibility to Protect” norm, which was established by the United Nations General Assembly, should be implemented.
The report calls on the European Union and the United States of America to support the International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism that was established in accordance with General Assembly Resolution 71/248, adopted on December 21, 2016. And establish local tribunals that enjoy a universal jurisdiction, and address the war crimes that were perpetrated in Syria.
 
Also, the report calls on the Commission of Inquiry (COI) and the International, Impartial, and Independent Mechanism (IIIM) to launch investigations on the incidents included in this report and past reports. The report stresses that SNHR is willing to cooperate and provide more evidences and data.
 
Additionally, the report calls on the Russian regime and international coalition forces to launch investigations in the incidents included in the report, made the findings of these investigations public to the Syrian people, and hold all who were involved accountable.
Further, the report calls on the SDF-supporting states to apply pressure on these forces in order to compel them to cease all of their violations in all the areas and towns that are under their control. And cease all forms of support, including weapons.
 
Lastly, the report calls on armed opposition factions to ensure the protection of civilians in all of their areas of control, and launch investigations on the attacks that resulted in civilian victims. Additionally, armed opposition factions should distinguish between civilians and military targets, and cease any indiscriminate attacks.
 

View full Report

SNHR said today that no less than 21 attacks on vital civilian facilities by the parties to the conflict were documented in May
 
The report notes that Syrian regime forces, and then Syrian-Russian alliance forces, have trumped all parties in targeting vital civilian facilities – especially in the areas under the control of armed opposition, and to a lesser degree in ISIS-held areas, adding that repeated attacks on thousands of vital facilities have been recorded, which proves that these facilities were deliberately destroyed and corrupted, in addition to hundreds of massacres that resulted from attacks on such objects.
 
According to the report, other parties committed similar violations, but to varying degrees, and never to the extent of the crimes by the Syrian-Russian-Iranian forces.
 
The report includes the attacks that have been monitored, including deliberate bombardments that targeted civilian objects, lootings, and attacks that involve disabling these objects and undermining their purpose in serving civilians despite the lack of any pressing military necessity or these objects being used for combat purposes by a party which would have justified targeting them by the other parties to the conflict.
 
This report draws upon the ongoing monitoring of news and development by SNHR team, and on accounts by survivors, eyewitnesses, and local media workers, as the report contains two accounts that have been collected by speaking directly to eyewitnesses and are not cited from any open source, in addition to analyzing a large number of videos and pictures that were posted online or sent by local activists.
 
The report sheds light on a notable drop in attacked vital civilian facilities in May which saw a number of agreements that resulted in Syrian regime forces, backed by Russia, completely seizing control of south Damascus, as well as areas in northern suburbs of Homs governorate. The residents of those areas were forcibly displaced to north Syria. In the wake of those agreements, rates of bombardments by Syrian-Russian alliance forces have notably dropped.
The report adds that a significant increase in numbers of bombings in the areas that aren’t under the control of Syrian regime forces was recorded. Some of these bombings resulted in damages to vital civilian facilities, as most of those were in Idlib governorate which also saw the majority of May’s attacks with a percentage of 81%.
 
The report documents 415 attacks on vital civilian facilities since the start of 2018. In addition, May saw no less 21 attacks on vital civilian facilities which were divided into three by Syrian regime forces, six by Russian forces, and 12 by other parties.
 
The report breaks down the vital facilities that were attacked in May, which were as follows: seven infrastructures, six places of worship, one vital medical facility, four vital educational facilities, two refugee camps, and one international humanitarian insignia.
 
The report highlights only the most notable incidents, adding that the complete incidents’ details are stored in SNHR database. Additionally, the report notes that what has been documented is only the bare minimum in light of the many practical challenges in the course of documentation,
 
The report stresses that Syrian-Russian-Iranian forces have violated Security Council resolutions 2139 and 2254 through indiscriminate bombardments, in addition to violating articles 52,53,54,55, and 56 of the Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, as well as rules 7 through 10 of the customary international humanitarian law.
 
The report adds that the Coalition forces (the international coalition and SDF) have carried out attacks that caused significant damages to civilian facilities. In most cases, these attacks have also resulted in losses that involved casualties. There are strong indicators suggesting that the damage was too excessive compared to the anticipated military benefit.
 
In addition, the report notes that the attacks by the rest of the parties have targeted civilian objects, which also resulted, in some cases, in loss of lives. These violations might qualify as war crimes. However, these violations don’t qualify as crimes against humanity, as with the Syrian regime and pro-regime forces.
 
The report calls on the Security Council to take additional steps after resolutions 2139 and 2254 have been adopted. Also, the report stresses that the Syrian case should be referred to the International Criminal Court and all those who were involved should be held accountable, including the Russian regime whose involvement in war crimes has been proven.
 
In addition, the report calls for the implementation of the “Responsibility to Protect (R2P)” norm, especially after all political channels have been consumed through all agreements, as well as Cessation of Hostilities statements and Astana agreements. The report stresses that action should be taken under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, and the “Responsibility to Protect” norm, which was established by the United Nations General Assembly, should be implemented.
The report calls on the European Union and the United States of America to support the International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism that was established in accordance with General Assembly Resolution 71/248, adopted on December 21, 2016. And establish local tribunals that enjoy a universal jurisdiction, and address the war crimes that were perpetrated in Syria.
 
Also, the report calls on the Commission of Inquiry (COI) and the International, Impartial, and Independent Mechanism (IIIM) to launch investigations on the incidents included in this report and past reports. The report stresses that SNHR is willing to cooperate and provide more evidences and data.
 
Additionally, the report calls on the Russian regime and international coalition forces to launch investigations in the incidents included in the report, made the findings of these investigations public to the Syrian people, and hold all who were involved accountable.
 
Further, the report calls on the SDF-supporting states to apply pressure on these forces in order to compel them to cease all of their violations in all the areas and towns that are under their control. And cease all forms of support, including weapons.
 
Lastly, the report calls on armed opposition factions to ensure the protection of civilians in all of their areas of control, and launch investigations on the attacks that resulted in civilian victims. Additionally, armed opposition factions should distinguish between civilians and military targets, and cease any indiscriminate attacks.
 

View full Report

SNHR said today that no less than 46 attacks on vital civilian facilities by the parties to the conflict were documented in April.
 
The report notes that Syrian regime forces, and then Syrian-Russian alliance forces, have trumped all parties in targeting vital civilian facilities – especially in the areas under the control of armed opposition, and to a lesser degree in ISIS-held areas, adding that repeated attacks on thousands of vital facilities have been recorded, which proves that these facilities were deliberately destroyed and corrupted, in addition to hundreds of massacres that resulted from attacks on such objects.
 
According to the report, other parties committed similar violations, but to varying degrees, and never to the extent of the crimes by the Syrian-Russian-Iranian forces.
 
The report includes the attacks that have been monitored, including deliberate bombardments that targeted civilian objects, lootings, and attacks that involve disabling these objects and undermining their purpose in serving civilians despite the lack of any pressing military necessity or these objects being used for combat purposes by a party which would have justified targeting them by the other parties to the conflict.
 
This report draws upon the ongoing monitoring of news and development by SNHR team, and on accounts by survivors, eyewitnesses, and local media workers, in addition to analyzing a large number of videos and pictures that were posted online or sent by local activists.
 
According to the report, April saw a slight drop in the number of attacks on vital civilian facilities compared to last March. SNHR recorded that Syrian regime forces topped all parties by carrying out 59% of all attacks, the majority of which were in Idlib governorate, 49%. Syrian regime forces’ attacks in April targeted primarily schools, followed by medical facilities, and then mosques.
 
The report has documented 394 attacks on vital civilian facilities since the start of 2018, while the report documents no less than 46 attacks in April, including 27 attacks by Syrian regime forces and five attacks by Russian force. In addition, factions from the armed opposition were responsible for one attack, and other parties were responsible for 13 attacks.
 
The report breaks down the vital facilities that were attacked in April, which were as follows: six infrastructures, nine places of worship, 10 medical facilities, six communal facilities, 10 vital educational facilities, two refugee camps, and three international humanitarian insignia.
 
The report highlights only the most notable incidents, adding that the complete incidents’ details are stored in SNHR database. Additionally, the report notes that what has been documented is only the bare minimum in light of the many practical challenges in the course of documentation
 
The report stresses that Syrian-Russian-Iranian forces have violated Security Council resolutions 2139 and 2254 through indiscriminate bombardments, in addition to violating articles 52,53,54,55, and 56 of the Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, as well as rules 7 through 10 of the customary international humanitarian law.
 
The report adds that the Coalition forces (the international coalition and SDF) have carried out attacks that caused significant damages to civilian facilities. In most cases, these attacks have also resulted in losses that involved casualties. There are strong indicators suggesting that the damage was too excessive compared to the anticipated military benefit.
 
In addition, the report notes that the attacks by the rest of the parties have targeted civilian objects, which also resulted, in some cases, in loss of lives. These violations might qualify as war crimes. However, these violations don’t qualify as crimes against humanity, as with the Syrian regime and pro-regime forces.
 
The report calls on the Security Council to take additional steps after resolutions 2139 and 2254 have been adopted. Also, the report stresses that the Syrian case should be referred to the International Criminal Court and all those who were involved should be held accountable, including the Russian regime whose involvement in war crimes has been proven.
 
In addition, the report calls for the implementation of the “Responsibility to Protect (R2P)” norm, especially after all political channels have been consumed through all agreements, as well as Cessation of Hostilities statements and Astana agreements. The report stresses that action should be taken under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, and the “Responsibility to Protect” norm, which was established by the United Nations General Assembly, should be implemented.
The report calls on the European Union and the United States of America to support the International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism that was established in accordance with General Assembly Resolution 71/248, adopted on December 21, 2016. And establish local tribunals that enjoy a universal jurisdiction, and address the war crimes that were perpetrated in Syria.
 
Also, the report calls on the Commission of Inquiry (COI) and the International, Impartial, and Independent Mechanism (IIIM) to launch investigations on the incidents included in this report and past reports. The report stresses that SNHR is willing to cooperate and provide more evidences and data.
 
Additionally, the report calls on the Russian regime and international coalition forces to launch investigations in the incidents included in the report, made the findings of these investigations public to the Syrian people, and hold all who were involved accountable.
 
Further, the report calls on the SDF-supporting states to apply pressure on these forces in order to compel them to cease all of their violations in all the areas and towns that are under their control. And cease all forms of support, including weapons.
 
Lastly, the report calls on armed opposition factions to ensure the protection of civilians in all of their areas of control, and launch investigations on the attacks that resulted in civilian victims. Additionally, armed opposition factions should distinguish between civilians and military targets, and cease any indiscriminate attacks.
 

View full Report

SNHR said today that no less than 56 attacks on vital civilian facilities by the parties to the conflict were documented in March.
 
The report notes that Syrian regime forces, and then Syrian-Russian alliance forces, have trumped all parties in targeting vital civilian facilities – especially in the areas under the control of armed opposition, and to a lesser degree in ISIS-held areas, adding that repeated attacks on thousands of vital facilities have been recorded, which proves that these facilities were deliberately destroyed and corrupted, in addition to hundreds of massacres that resulted from attacks on such objects.
 
According to the report, other parties committed similar violations, but to varying degrees, and never to the extent of the crimes by the Syrian-Russian-Iranian forces.
 
The report includes the attacks that have been monitored, including deliberate bombardments that targeted civilian objects, lootings, and attacks that involve disabling these objects and undermining their purpose in serving civilians despite the lack of any pressing military necessity or these objects being used for combat purposes by a party which would have justified targeting them by the other parties to the conflict.
 
This report draws upon the ongoing monitoring of news and development by SNHR team, and on accounts by survivors, eyewitnesses, and local media activists, in addition to analyzing a large number of videos and pictures that were posted online or sent by local activists.
 
According to the report, a drop in the number of attacks on vital civilian facilities was recorded in March which recorded the least number of attacks since the start of 2018, while Syrian regime forces remains responsible for the majority of attacks with 34 attacks in March, followed by Russian forces with 13 attacks.
For the second month in a row, Eastern Ghouta topped all areas, in terms of attacks on vital civilian facilities, in light of the military offensive that is being carried out by Syrian-Russian alliance forces against the region, as we have documented 23 attacks in Eastern Ghouta, all by Syrian regime forces and their allies, whereas Idlib governorate saw the second-most attacks with 17 by Syrian-Russian alliance forces.
 
The report has documented 348 attacks on vital civilian facilities since the start of 2018, while the report documents no less than 56 attacks in March, including 34 attacks by Syrian regime forces and 13 attacks by Russian force. In addition, Hay’at Tahrir al Sham and international coalition forces were responsible both for one attack, while seven attacks were carried out by other parties.
 
The report breaks down the vital facilities that were attacked in March, which were as follows: 18 infrastructures, 16 vital medical facilities, 10 places of worship, five vital educational facilities, three communal facilities, two refugee camps, one vital cultural facility, and one international humanitarian insignia.
 
The report highlights only the most notable incidents, adding that the complete incidents’ details are stored in SNHR database. Additionally, the report notes that what has been documented is only the bare minimum in light of the many practical challenges in the course of documentation
 
The report stresses that Syrian-Russian-Iranian forces have violated Security Council resolutions 2139 and 2254 through indiscriminate bombardments, in addition to violating articles 52,53,54,55, and 56 of the Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, as well as rules 7 through 10 of the customary international humanitarian law.
 
The report adds that the Coalition forces (the international coalition and SDF) have carried out attacks that caused significant damages to civilian facilities. In most cases, these attacks have also resulted in losses that involved casualties. There are strong indicators suggesting that the damage was too excessive compared to the anticipated military benefit.
 
In addition, the report notes that the attacks by other parties have carried out attacks that targeted civilian objects, which also resulted, in some cases, in loss of lives. These violations might qualify as war crimes. However, these violations don’t qualify as crimes against humanity, as with the Syrian regime and pro-regime forces.
 
The report calls on the Security Council to take additional steps after resolutions 2139 and 2254 have been adopted. Also, the report stresses that the Syrian case should be referred to the International Criminal Court and all those who were involved should be held accountable, including the Russian regime whose involvement in war crimes has been proven.
 
In addition, the report calls for the implementation of the “Responsibility to Protect (R2P)” norm, especially after all political channels have been consumed through all agreements, as well as Cessation of Hostilities statements and Astana agreements. The report stresses that action should be taken under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, and the “Responsibility to Protect” norm, which was established by the United Nations General Assembly, should be implemented.
The report calls on the European Union and the United States of America to support the International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism that was established in accordance with General Assembly Resolution 71/248, adopted on December 21, 2016. And establish local tribunals that enjoy a universal jurisdiction, and address the war crimes that were perpetrated in Syria.
 
Also, the report calls on the Commission of Inquiry (COI) and the International, Impartial, and Independent Mechanism (IIIM) to launch investigations on the incidents included in this report and past reports. The report stresses that SNHR is willing to cooperate and provide more evidences and data.
 
Additionally, the report calls on the Russian regime and international coalition forces to launch investigations in the incidents included in the report, made the findings of these investigations public to the Syrian people, and hold all who were involved accountable.
 
Further, the report calls on the SDF-supporting states to apply pressure on these forces in order to compel them to cease all of their violations in all the areas and towns that are under their control. And cease all forms of support, including weapons.
 
Lastly, the report calls on armed opposition factions to ensure the protection of civilians in all of their areas of control, and launch investigations on the attacks that resulted in civilian victims. Additionally, armed opposition factions should distinguish between civilians and military targets, and cease any indiscriminate attacks.
 

View full Report

SNHR said today that no less than 156 attacks on vital civilian facilities by the parties to the conflict were documented in February.
 
The report notes that Syrian regime forces, and then Syrian-Russian alliance forces, have trumped all parties in targeting vital civilian facilities – especially in the areas under the control of armed opposition, and to a lesser degree in ISIS-held areas, adding that repeated attacks on thousands of vital facilities have been recorded, which proves that these facilities were deliberately destroyed and corrupted, in addition to hundreds of massacres that resulted from attacks on such objects.
 
According to the report, other parties committed similar violations, but to varying degrees, and never to the extent of the crimes by the Syrian-Russian-Iranian forces.
 
The report includes the attacks that have been monitored, including deliberate bombardments that targeted civilian objects, lootings, and attacks that involve disabling these objects and undermining their purpose in serving civilians despite the lack of any pressing military necessity or these objects being used for combat purposes by a party which would have justified targeting them by the other parties to the conflict.
 
This report draws upon the ongoing monitoring of news and development by SNHR team, and on accounts by survivors, eyewitnesses, and local media activists as the report contains one account that has been collected by speaking directly to eyewitnesses and not cited from any open sources, in addition to analyzing a large number of videos and pictures that were posted online or sent by local activists.
 
According to the report, Syrian regime forces topped all parties in February, carrying out 69% of all attacks on vital civilian facilities this month. 84% of Syrian regime forces ‘attacks were in Eastern Ghouta, Damascus suburbs in light of their escalation offensive on the area, where we have documented that attacks by the Syrian regime in Eastern Ghouta have increased to three times as many attacks by the same forces in January. The report adds that Russian forces were responsible for 27% of all attacks, as they were only surpassed by Syrian regime forces. 98% of all Russian attacks were in Idlib governorate.
In addition, the report notes that vital medical facilities conceded the most attacks with 27% of all attacks, while places of worship came second with 22%
 
The report documents no less than 156 attacks, including 103 attacks by Syrian regime forces and 42 attacks by Russian forces. Additionally, ISIS was responsible for one attack, while Self-Management force and international coalition forces carried out two attacks each. Lastly, other parties were responsible for six attacks.
 
The report breaks down the vital facilities that were attacked in February, which were as follows: 42 vital medical facilities, 33 places of worship, 29 infrastructures, 27 vital educational facilities, 22 communal facilities, two international humanitarian insignia, and one refugee camp.
 
The report highlights only the most notable incidents, adding that the complete incidents’ details are stored in SNHR database. Additionally, the report notes that what has been documented is only the bare minimum in light of the many practical challenges in the course of documentation
 
The report stresses that Syrian-Russian-Iranian forces have violated Security Council resolutions 2139 and 2254 through indiscriminate bombardments, in addition to violating articles 52,53,54,55, and 56 of the Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, as well as rules 7 through 10 of the customary international humanitarian law.
 
The report adds that the attacks by the Coalition forces (the international coalition and SDF) have carried out attacks that caused significant damages to civilian facilities. In most cases, these attacks have also resulted in losses that involved casualties. There are strong indicators suggesting that the damage was too excessive compared to the anticipated military benefit.
 
In addition, the report notes that the attacks by other parties have carried out attacks that targeted civilian objects, which also resulted, in some cases, in loss of lives. These violations might qualify as war crimes. However, these violations don’t qualify as crimes against humanity, as with the Syrian regime and pro-regime forces.
 
The report calls on the Security Council to take additional steps after resolutions 2139 and 2254 have been adopted. Also, the report stresses that the Syrian case should be referred to the International Criminal Court and all those who were involved should be held accountable, including the Russian regime whose involvement in war crimes has been proven.
 
In addition, the report calls for the implementation of the “Responsibility to Protect (R2P)” norm, especially after all political channels have been consumed through all agreements, as well as Cessation of Hostilities statements and Astana agreements. The report stresses that action should be taken under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, and the “Responsibility to Protect” norm, which was established by the United Nations General Assembly, should be implemented.
The report calls on the European Union and the United States of America to support the International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism that was established in accordance with General Assembly Resolution 71/248, adopted on December 21, 2016. And establish local tribunals that enjoy a universal jurisdiction, and address the war crimes that were perpetrated in Syria.
 
Also, the report calls on the Commission of Inquiry (COI) and the International, Impartial, and Independent Mechanism (IIIM) to launch investigations on the incidents included in this report and past reports. The report stresses that SNHR is willing to cooperate and provide more evidences and data.
 
Additionally, the report calls on the Russian regime and international coalition forces to launch investigations in the incidents included in the report, made the findings of these investigations public to the Syrian people, and hold all who were involved accountable.
 
Further, the report calls on the SDF-supporting states to apply pressure on these forces in order to compel them to cease all of their violations in all the areas and towns that are under their control. And cease all forms of support, including weapons.
 
Lastly, the report calls on armed opposition factions to ensure the protection of civilians in all of their areas of control, and launch investigations on the attacks that resulted in civilian victims. Additionally, armed opposition factions should distinguish between civilians and military targets, and cease any indiscriminate attacks.
 

View full Report

SNHR said today that no less than 136 attacks on vital civilian facilities by the parties to the conflict were documented in January.
 
The report notes that Syrian regime forces, and then Syrian-Russian alliance forces, have trumped all parties in targeting vital civilian facilities – especially in the areas under the control of armed opposition, and to a lesser degree in ISIS-held areas, adding that repeated attacks on thousands of vital facilities have been recorded, which proves that these facilities were deliberately destroyed and corrupted, in addition to hundreds of massacres that resulted from attacks on such objects.
 
According to the report, other parties committed similar violations, but to varying degrees, and never to the extent of the crimes by the Syrian-Russian-Iranian forces.
 
The report includes the attacks that have been monitored, including deliberate bombardments that targeted civilian objects, lootings, and attacks that involve disabling these objects and undermining their purpose in serving civilians despite the lack of any pressing military necessity or these objects being used for combat purposes by a party which would have justified targeting them by the other parties to the conflict.
 
This report draws upon the ongoing monitoring of news and development by SNHR team, and on accounts by survivors, eyewitnesses, and local media activists as the report contains one account that has been collected by speaking directly to eyewitnesses and not cited from any open sources, in addition to analyzing a large number of videos and pictures that were posted online or sent by local activists.
 
The report documents no less than 136 attacks, including 54 attacks by Syrian regime forces and 53 attacks by Russian forces. Additionally, ISIS and Hay’at Tahrir al Sham were responsible for one attack each, while Self-Management force carried out three attacks.
 
The report breaks down the vital facilities that were attacked in January, which were as follows: 34 infrastructures, 30 vital medical facilities, 24 vital educational facilities, 25 places of worship, 14 communal facilities, six refugee camps, two vital cultural facilities, and one international humanitarian insignia.
 
The report highlights only the most notable incidents, adding that the complete incidents’ details are stored in SNHR database. Additionally, the report notes that what has been documented is only the bare minimum in light of the many practical challenges in the course of documentation
 
The report stresses that Syrian-Russian-Iranian forces have violated Security Council resolutions 2139 and 2254 through indiscriminate bombardments, in addition to violating articles 52,53,54,55, and 56 of the Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, as well as rules 7 through 10 of the customary international humanitarian law.
 
The report adds that the attacks by the Coalition forces (the international coalition and SDF) have carried out attacks that caused significant damages to civilian facilities. In most cases, these attacks have also resulted in losses that involved casualties. There are strong indicators suggesting that the damage was too excessive compared to the anticipated military benefit.
 
In addition, the report notes that the attacks by other parties have carried out attacks that targeted civilian objects, which also resulted, in some cases, in loss of lives. These violations might qualify as war crimes. However, these violations don’t qualify as crimes against humanity, as with the Syrian regime and pro-regime forces.
 
The report calls on the Security Council to take additional steps after resolutions 2139 and 2254 have been adopted. Also, the report stresses that the Syrian case should be referred to the International Criminal Court and all those who were involved should be held accountable, including the Russian regime whose involvement in war crimes has been proven.
 
In addition, the report calls for the implementation of the “Responsibility to Protect (R2P)” norm, especially after all political channels have been consumed through all agreements, as well as Cessation of Hostilities statements and Astana agreements. The report stresses that action should be taken under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, and the “Responsibility to Protect” norm, which was established by the United Nations General Assembly, should be implemented.
The report calls on the European Union and the United States of America to support the International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism that was established in accordance with General Assembly Resolution 71/248, adopted on December 21, 2016. And establish local tribunals that enjoy a universal jurisdiction, and address the war crimes that were perpetrated in Syria.
 
Also, the report calls on the Commission of Inquiry (COI) and the International, Impartial, and Independent Mechanism (IIIM) to launch investigations on the incidents included in this report and past reports. The report stresses that SNHR is willing to cooperate and provide more evidences and data.
 
Additionally, the report calls on the Russian regime and international coalition forces to launch investigations in the incidents included in the report, made the findings of these investigations public to the Syrian people, and hold all who were involved accountable.
 
Further, the report calls on the SDF-supporting states to apply pressure on these forces in order to compel them to cease all of their violations in all the areas and towns that are under their control. And cease all forms of support, including weapons.
 
Lastly, the report calls on armed opposition factions to ensure the protection of civilians in all of their areas of control, and launch investigations on the attacks that resulted in civilian victims. Additionally, armed opposition factions should distinguish between civilians and military targets, and cease any indiscriminate attacks.
 

View full Report