SNHR announced today that at least 223 massacres were perpetrated by the parties to the conflict documented in Syria in 2018, including four massacres in December
 
The report notes that the first two years of the popular uprising saw the largest proportion of massacres of an ethnic and sectarian nature, with the Syrian regime and its militias being responsible for the majority of these massacres. In mid-2013, Syrian regime forces began relying heavily on warplanes, which were also subsequently used by international coalition forces and Russian forces. The wide use of aerial bombardment doubled the numbers of victims and caused massive destruction to the infrastructure, with one or two new massacres at least being recorded almost every day.
 
This report draws upon the ongoing monitoring of news and development by SNHR’s team, and on accounts by survivors, eyewitnesses, and local media activists with the report containing two accounts that have been collected by speaking directly with eyewitnesses, which are not cited from any open sources, in addition to analyzing a large number of videos and pictures that were posted online or sent by local activists.
 
According to the report, December saw a decrease in the number of massacres compared to the previous month, with 70 percent of these massacres being perpetrated at the hands of International Coalition forces as part of the Coalition’s military campaign to eliminate ISIS in Deir Ez-Zour governorate.
The first quarter of 2018 saw an increase in the documented massacres compared to the rest of the year, in the aftermath of the Syrian-Russian military campaign against the three de-escalation zones (specifically areas in the north of Homs governorate, parts of Daraa and Quneitra governorates, and the Eastern Ghouta in Damascus Suburbs governorate) which resulted in agreements by which those areas residents were forcibly displaced.
The Syrian-Russian alliance forces inflicted the highest percentage of massacres of all the parties involved in the conflict, being responsible for 71 percent of the total documented number of massacres. This was followed by the International Coalition forces who were responsible for 13 percent of the massacres perpetrated, with all the massacres committed at the hands of the International Coalition forces being concentrated in the eastern region of Syria following the war on ISIS.
 
The report documents at least 223 massacres that were perpetrated by the parties to the conflict in Syria in 2018. The report uses the term “massacre” to refer to an incident in which five or more peaceful civilians are killed in the same attack. Based on this definition, Syrian regime forces were responsible for 130 massacres in 2018. Additionally, the Russian forces committed 27 massacres, ISIS committed eight massacres, while the report records that the Kurdish Self-Management forces were responsible for four massacres, and the international coalition forces were responsible for 28 massacres, while other parties committed 26 massacres.
 
According to the report, the massacres documented in 2018 resulted in the deaths of 2,741 civilians, including 826 children and 565 women (adult female). This means that 51 percent of all the massacre victims were women and children, which is a worryingly high percentage, and an indication that civilian residents were deliberately targeted in most of these massacres.
 
According to the report, the total victim death toll of massacres committed by Syrian Regime forces was 1,564 civilians, including 412 children and 311 women, while the total victim death toll of massacres committed by Russian forces reached 338 civilians, including 133 children, and 75 women. Meanwhile, 165 civilians, including 18 children and 16 women, were killed in the massacres committed by ISIS and 39 civilians, including two children and 15 women, were killed by the Self-Management forces. The total victim death toll from massacres committed by the International Coalition forces was 331 civilians, including 165 children, and 83 women, while the victim death toll of massacres by other parties amounted to 304 civilians, including 96 children, and 65 women.
 
The report reviews the victim death toll of massacres documented in December, which saw at least four massacres, three of which were perpetrated by International Coalition forces, while other parties committed one massacre. The four massacres resulted in the deaths of 34 civilians, including 11 children and eight women (adult female). This means that 56 percent of all victims were women and children, which is a very high percentage, and an indication that civilian residents were deliberately targeted in most of these massacres.
 
According to the report, the victim death toll of the massacres perpetrated by International Coalition forces was 24 civilians, including 11 children and seven women, while 10 civilians, including one woman, were killed in the massacre perpetrated by other parties.
 
The report stresses that Syrian-Russian alliance forces have violated Security Council resolutions 2139 and 2254 by carrying out indiscriminate attacks. Also, The Syrian and Russian regime have violated Article 7 and 8 of Rome Statute through the act of willful killing, as well as violating the rules of the international human rights law which guarantee the right to life. Given that these violations were committed in a non-international armed conflict, they qualify as war crimes.
 
The report notes that the attacks by Coalition forces (the international coalition and SDF) caused extensive collateral damage that involved loss of lives, injuries, or significant damages to civilian facilities. There are strong indicators suggesting that the damage was extremely excessive compared to the anticipated military benefit.
 
The report adds that the other parties carried out attacks that resulted in civilian deaths, confirming that these violations might constitute war crimes, but don’t qualify as crimes against humanity as with the Syrian regime and its pro-regime forces.
 
The report calls on the Security Council to take additional steps following the adoption of resolutions 2139 and 2254. Also, the report stresses that the Syrian case should be referred to the International Criminal Court and all those involved should be held accountable, including the Russian regime whose involvement in war crimes has been repeatedly proven.
 
In addition, the report calls for the implementation of the ’Responsibility to Protect (R2P)’ norm, especially after all political channels have been exhausted, including agreements, as well as Cessation of Hostilities statements and the Astana agreements. The report stresses that action should be taken under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, and the ‘Responsibility to Protect ‘norm, which was established by the United Nations General Assembly, should be implemented.
The report calls on the European Union and the United States of America to support the International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism that was established in accordance with General Assembly Resolution 71/248, adopted on December 21, 2016, and to establish local tribunals that enjoy universal jurisdiction, as well as addressing the war crimes perpetrated in Syria.
 
Also, the report calls on the Commission of Inquiry (COI) and the International, Impartial, and Independent Mechanism (IIIM) to launch investigations into the incidents included in this report and previous reports. The report stresses that SNHR is willing to cooperate and provide more evidences and data.
 
Additionally, the report calls on the Russian regime and international coalition forces to launch investigations into the incidents included in the report, to make the findings of these investigations public to the Syrian people, and to hold all who were involved accountable.
 
Further, the report calls on the states supporting the SDF to apply pressure on these forces in order to compel them to cease all of their violations in all the areas and towns that are under their control, and to cease all forms of support, including weapons.
Lastly, the report calls on armed opposition factions to ensure the protection of civilians in all of the areas under their control, as well as stating that armed opposition factions should distinguish between civilians and military targets, and cease any indiscriminate attacks.
 

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SNHR said today that no less than eight massacres were perpetrated by the parties to the conflict in Syria in the month of November.
 
The report notes that the first two years of the popular uprising saw the largest portion of ethnic and sectarian cleansing massacres, where the Syrian regime and its militias were responsible for the majority of these massacres. In mid-2013, Syrian regime forces started relying heavily on warplanes and they were also used later by international coalition forces and Russian forces. The wide use of aerial bombardment doubled the numbers of victims and caused huge destruction to the infrastructure, as one or two new massacres at least are recorded almost every day.
 
This report draws upon the ongoing monitoring of news and development by SNHR team, and on accounts by survivors, eyewitnesses, and local media activists as the report contains two accounts that have been collected by speaking directly to eyewitnesses and are not cited from any open sources, in addition to analyzing a large number of videos and pictures that were posted online or sent by local activists.
 
According to the report, November saw an increase in the number of massacres compared to the previous three months, with the second half of the month seeing an escalation in the bombing by Syrian regime forces in the Idlib de-escalation zone. The report also recorded a continued escalation of attacks by the international coalition forces in the areas controlled by the ISIS in Deir Ez-Zour governorate for the second consecutive month.
The report noted that the massacres committed in November resulted in the death of 54 children (60 percent of the total civilian casualties), including 39 children killed in Deir Ez-Zour by international coalition forces.
 
The report documents no less than 219 massacres that have been perpetrated by the parties to the conflict in Syria since the start of 2018. In addition, the report records no less than eight massacres in November. The report uses the term “massacre” to refer to an incident in which five peaceful individuals or more are killed in the same attack. Based on this definition, Syrian regime forces were responsible for one massacre in November. Additionally, the international coalition forces were responsible for six massacres, while the report records one massacre by ISIS.
 
According to the report, the massacres documented this month have resulted in the killing of 86 civilians, including 51 children and 19 women (adult female). This means that 82 percent of all victims were women and children, which is a considerably high percentage, and an indication that civilian residents were targeted in most of these massacres.
 
The report breaks down the death toll of the massacres, as nine civilians were killed in the massacre by Syrian regime forces, including seven children and two women. On the other hand, five children were killed in the massacre perpetrated by ISIS, while the international coalition forces killed 72 civilians, including 39 children and 17 women.
 
The report stresses that Syrian-Russian alliance forces have violated Security Council resolutions 2139 and 2254 through indiscriminate attacks. Also, The Syrian and Russian regime have violated Article 7 and 8 of Rome Statute through the act of willful killing, as well as the rules of the international human rights law which guarantee the right to life. Given that these violations were committed in a non-international armed conflict, they qualify as war crimes.
 
The report notes that the attacks by Coalition forces (the international coalition and SDF) have caused collateral damages that involved loss of lives, injuries, or significant damages to civilian facilities. There are strong indicators suggesting that the damage was too excessive compared to the anticipated military benefit.
 
The report adds that the other parties carried out attacks that resulted in civilian deaths, confirming that these violations might constitute war crimes, but don’t qualify as crimes against humanity as with the Syrian regime and its pro-regime forces.
 
The report calls on the Security Council to take additional steps after resolutions 2139 and 2254 have been adopted. Also, the report stresses that the Syrian case should be referred to the International Criminal Court and all those who were involved should be held accountable, including the Russian regime whose involvement in war crimes has been proven.
 
In addition, the report calls for the implementation of the “Responsibility to Protect (R2P)” norm, especially after all political channels have been consumed through all agreements, as well as Cessation of Hostilities statements and Astana agreements. The report stresses that action should be taken under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, and the “Responsibility to Protect” norm, which was established by the United Nations General Assembly, should be implemented.
The report calls on the European Union and the United States of America to support the International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism that was established in accordance with General Assembly Resolution 71/248, adopted on December 21, 2016. And establish local tribunals that enjoy a universal jurisdiction, and address the war crimes that were perpetrated in Syria.
 
Also, the report calls on the Commission of Inquiry (COI) and the International, Impartial, and Independent Mechanism (IIIM) to launch investigations on the incidents included in this report and past reports. The report stresses that SNHR is willing to cooperate and provide more evidences and data.
 
Additionally, the report calls on the Russian regime and international coalition forces to launch investigations in the incidents included in the report, made the findings of these investigations public to the Syrian people, and hold all who were involved accountable.
 
Further, the report calls on the SDF-supporting states to apply pressure on these forces in order to compel them to cease all of their violations in all the areas and towns that are under their control. And cease all forms of support, including weapons.
Lastly, the report calls on armed opposition factions to ensure the protection of civilians in all of their areas of control. Also, armed opposition factions should distinguish between civilians and military targets, and cease any indiscriminate attacks.
 

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SNHR said today that no fewer than five massacres were perpetrated by the parties to the conflict in Syria in the month of October.
 
The report notes that the first two years of the popular uprising saw the largest portion of ethnic and sectarian cleansing massacres, where the Syrian regime and its militias were responsible for the majority of these massacres. In mid-2013, Syrian regime forces started relying heavily on warplanes and they were also used later by international coalition forces and Russian forces. The wide use of aerial bombardment doubled the numbers of victims and caused huge destruction to the infrastructure, as one or two new massacres at least are recorded almost every day.
 
This report draws upon the continued monitoring of news and development by SNHR team, and on accounts by survivors, eyewitnesses, and local media activists, in addition to analyzing a large number of videos and pictures that were posted online or sent by local activists.
According to the report, October saw a significant fall in terms of the scope of military operations by most of the parties to the conflict, except for international coalition forces and Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) who escalated their attacks on the ISIS-held areas in east Syria.
The report documents five massacres in October, all of which took place in Deir Ez-Zour governorate. Of these, four massacres were by international coalition forces, bringing the total number of massacres for which international coalition forces have been responsible in Deir Ez-Zour governorate since the start of 2018 to 13.
The report documents no less than 211 massacres that have been perpetrated by the parties to the conflict in Syria since the start of 2018. In addition, the report documents no less than five massacres in October. The report uses the term “massacre” to refer to an incident in which five peaceful individuals or more are killed in the same attack. Based on this definition, international coalition forces were responsible for four massacres in October, while ISIS perpetrated one massacre in the same month.
 
According to the victim documentation team at SNHR, the massacres documented this month have resulted in the killing deaths of 41 civilians, including 14 children and four women (adult female). This means that 44 percent of all victims were women and children, which is a considerably n alarmingly high percentage, and an indication that civilian residents were targeted in most of these massacres.
 
The report breaks down the death toll of October’s massacre. A total of 36 civilians were killed in the massacres perpetrated by international coalition forces, including 14 children and four women, with ISIS killing five civilians in the massacre they perpetrated.
 
The report stresses that Syrian-Russian alliance forces have violated Security Council resolutions 2139 and 2254 through indiscriminate attacks. Also, the Syrian and Russian regimes have violated Articles 7 and 8 of Rome Statute through acts of willful killing, as well as the rules of the international human rights law which guarantee the right to life. Given that these violations were committed in a non-international armed conflict, they qualify as war crimes.
 
The report notes that the attacks by Coalition forces (the international coalition and SDF) have caused collateral damages that involved loss of lives, injuries, or significant damages to civilian facilities. There are strong indicators suggesting that the damage was extremely excessive compared to the anticipated military advantage.
 
The report adds that the other parties carried out attacks that resulted in civilian deaths, confirming that these violations might constitute war crimes, but don’t qualify as crimes against humanity as with the Syrian regime and its pro-regime forces.
 
The report calls on the Security Council to take additional steps after resolutions 2139 and 2254 have been adopted. Also, the report stresses that the Syrian case should be referred to the International Criminal Court and all those who were involved should be held accountable, including the Russian regime whose involvement in war crimes has been proven.
 
In addition, the report calls for the implementation of the “Responsibility to Protect (R2P)” norm, especially after all political channels have been consumed through all agreements, as well as Cessation of Hostilities statements and Astana agreements. The report stresses that action should be taken under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, and the “Responsibility to Protect” norm, which was established by the United Nations General Assembly, should be implemented.
The report calls on the European Union and the United States of America to support the International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism that was established in accordance with General Assembly Resolution 71/248, adopted on December 21, 2016. And establish local tribunals that enjoy a universal jurisdiction, and address the war crimes that were perpetrated in Syria.
 
Also, the report calls on the Commission of Inquiry (COI) and the International, Impartial, and Independent Mechanism (IIIM) to launch investigations on the incidents included in this report and past reports. The report stresses that SNHR is willing to cooperate and provide more evidences and data.
 
Additionally, the report calls on the Russian regime and international coalition forces to launch investigations in the incidents included in the report, made the findings of these investigations public to the Syrian people, and hold all those who were involved accountable.
 
Further, the report calls on the SDF-supporting states to apply pressure on these forces in order to compel them to cease all of their violations in all the areas and towns that are under their control. And cease all forms of support, including weapons.
Lastly, the report calls on armed opposition factions to ensure the protection of civilians in all of their areas of control. Also, armed opposition factions should distinguish between civilians and military targets, and cease any indiscriminate attacks.
 

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SNHR said today that no less than two massacres were perpetrated by the parties to the conflict in Syria in September.
 
The report notes that the first two years of the popular uprising saw the largest portion of ethnic and sectarian cleansing massacres, where the Syrian regime and its militias were responsible for the majority of these massacres. In mid-2013, Syrian regime forces started relying heavily on warplanes and they were also used later by international coalition forces and Russian forces. The wide use of aerial bombardment doubled the numbers of victims and caused huge destruction to the infrastructure, as one or two new massacres at least are recorded almost every day.
 
This report draws upon the continued monitoring of news and development by SNHR team, and on accounts by survivors, eyewitnesses, and local media activists as the report contains two accounts that were collected by speaking directly to eyewitnesses and are not cited from any open sources, in addition to analyzing a large number of videos and pictures that were posted online or sent by local activists.
 
According to the report, September recorded an unprecedented drop in terms of massacres as the scope of military operations by the parties to the conflict have significantly diminished after the offensive carried out by Syrian-Russian alliance forces on the fourth de-escalation zone (Idlib governorate and parts of Hama and Aleppo governorate) ended. The offensive lasted from September 4 until September 11.
 
The report documents no less than 206 massacres that have been perpetrated by the parties to the conflict in Syria since the start of 2018. In addition, the report records no less than two massacres in September. The report uses the term “massacre” to refer to an incident in which five peaceful individuals or more are killed in the same attack. Based on this definition, Russian forces and other parties were responsible for one massacre each.
 
According to the report, the massacres documented this month have resulted in the killing of 16 civilians, including 11 children (6 males and 5 females) and 4 women (adult female). This means that 94% of all victims were women and children, which is a considerably high percentage, and an indication that civilian residents were targeted in most of these massacres. The report notes that five children (four males and one female) were killed in the massacre perpetrated by Russian forces, while 11 civilians, including six children (four females and two males), and four women were killed in the massacre perpetrated by other parties.
 
The report stresses that Syrian-Russian alliance forces have violated Security Council resolutions 2139 and 2254 through indiscriminate attacks. Also, The Syrian and Russian regime have violated Article 7 and 8 of Rome Statute through the act of willful killing, as well as the rules of the international human rights law which guarantee the right to life. Given that these violations were committed in a non-international armed conflict, they qualify as war crimes.
 
The report notes that the attacks by Coalition forces (the international coalition and SDF) have caused collateral damages that involved loss of lives, injuries, or significant damages to civilian facilities. There are strong indicators suggesting that the damage was too excessive compared to the anticipated military benefit.
 
The report adds that the other parties carried out attacks that resulted in civilian deaths, confirming that these violations might constitute war crimes, but don’t qualify as crimes against humanity as with the Syrian regime and its pro-regime forces.
 
The report calls on the Security Council to take additional steps after resolutions 2139 and 2254 have been adopted. Also, the report stresses that the Syrian case should be referred to the International Criminal Court and all those who were involved should be held accountable, including the Russian regime whose involvement in war crimes has been proven.
 
In addition, the report calls for the implementation of the “Responsibility to Protect (R2P)” norm, especially after all political channels have been consumed through all agreements, as well as Cessation of Hostilities statements and Astana agreements. The report stresses that action should be taken under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, and the “Responsibility to Protect” norm, which was established by the United Nations General Assembly, should be implemented.
The report calls on the European Union and the United States of America to support the International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism that was established in accordance with General Assembly Resolution 71/248, adopted on December 21, 2016. And establish local tribunals that enjoy a universal jurisdiction, and address the war crimes that were perpetrated in Syria.
 
Also, the report calls on the Commission of Inquiry (COI) and the International, Impartial, and Independent Mechanism (IIIM) to launch investigations on the incidents included in this report and past reports. The report stresses that SNHR is willing to cooperate and provide more evidences and data.
 
Additionally, the report calls on the Russian regime and international coalition forces to launch investigations in the incidents included in the report, made the findings of these investigations public to the Syrian people, and hold all those who were involved accountable.
 
Further, the report calls on the SDF-supporting states to apply pressure on these forces in order to compel them to cease all of their violations in all the areas and towns that are under their control. And cease all forms of support, including weapons.
Lastly, the report calls on armed opposition factions to ensure the protection of civilians in all of their areas of control. Also, armed opposition factions should distinguish between civilians and military targets, and cease any indiscriminate attacks.
 

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SNHR said today that no less than three massacres were perpetrated by the parties to the conflict in Syria in the month of August.
 
The report notes that the first two years of the popular uprising saw the largest portion of ethnic and sectarian cleansing massacres, where the Syrian regime and its militias were responsible for the majority of these massacres. In mid-2013, Syrian regime forces started relying heavily on warplanes and they were also used later by international coalition forces and Russian forces. The wide use of aerial bombardment doubled the numbers of victims and caused huge destruction to the infrastructure, as one or two new massacres at least are recorded almost every day.
 
This report draws upon the ongoing monitoring of news and development by SNHR team, and on accounts by survivors, eyewitnesses, and local media activists as the report contains one account that was collected by speaking directly to eyewitnesses and are not cited from any open sources, in addition to analyzing a large number of videos and pictures that were posted online or sent by local activists.
 
The report notes that August saw a significant drop in terms of massacres as the scope of military operations by the different parties to the conflict in Syria have diminished. On the other hand, bombings continued in most of north Syria areas, causing two massacres in August.
 
The report documents no less than 207 massacres that have been perpetrated by the parties to the conflict in Syria since the start of 2018. In addition, the report records no less than three massacres in August. The report uses the term “massacre” to refer to an incident in which five peaceful individuals or more are killed in the same attack. Based on this definition, Russian forces, Kurdish Self-Management forces, and other parties were responsible for one massacre each.
 
According to the victim documentation team at SNHR, the massacres documented this month have resulted in the killing of 87 civilians, including 40 children and 21 women (adult female). This means that 71% of all victims were women and children, which is a considerably high percentage, and an indication that civilian residents were targeted in most of these massacres.
 
The report breaks down the death toll of August’s massacres, as 36 civilians were killed by Russian forces, including 20 children and seven women, while 11 civilians, including one child and three women, were killed by the massacre perpetrated by Kurdish Self-Management forces. Lastly, 40 civilians, including 19 children and 11 women, were killed by other parties.
 
The report stresses that Syrian-Russian alliance forces have violated Security Council resolutions 2139 and 2254 through indiscriminate attacks. Also, The Syrian and Russian regime have violated Article 7 and 8 of Rome Statute through the act of willful killing, as well as the rules of the international human rights law which guarantee the right to life. Given that these violations were committed in a non-international armed conflict, they qualify as war crimes.
 
The report notes that the attacks by Coalition forces (the international coalition and SDF) have caused collateral damages that involved loss of lives, injuries, or significant damages to civilian facilities. There are strong indicators suggesting that the damage was too excessive compared to the anticipated military benefit.
 
The report adds that the other parties carried out attacks that resulted in civilian deaths, confirming that these violations might constitute war crimes, but don’t qualify as crimes against humanity as with the Syrian regime and its pro-regime forces.
 
The report calls on the Security Council to take additional steps after resolutions 2139 and 2254 have been adopted. Also, the report stresses that the Syrian case should be referred to the International Criminal Court and all those who were involved should be held accountable, including the Russian regime whose involvement in war crimes has been proven.
 
In addition, the report calls for the implementation of the “Responsibility to Protect (R2P)” norm, especially after all political channels have been consumed through all agreements, as well as Cessation of Hostilities statements and Astana agreements. The report stresses that action should be taken under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, and the “Responsibility to Protect” norm, which was established by the United Nations General Assembly, should be implemented.
The report calls on the European Union and the United States of America to support the International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism that was established in accordance with General Assembly Resolution 71/248, adopted on December 21, 2016. And establish local tribunals that enjoy a universal jurisdiction, and address the war crimes that were perpetrated in Syria.
 
Also, the report calls on the Commission of Inquiry (COI) and the International, Impartial, and Independent Mechanism (IIIM) to launch investigations on the incidents included in this report and past reports. The report stresses that SNHR is willing to cooperate and provide more evidences and data.
 
Additionally, the report calls on the Russian regime and international coalition forces to launch investigations in the incidents included in the report, made the findings of these investigations public to the Syrian people, and hold all those who were involved accountable.
 
Further, the report calls on the SDF-supporting states to apply pressure on these forces in order to compel them to cease all of their violations in all the areas and towns that are under their control. And cease all forms of support, including weapons.
Lastly, the report calls on armed opposition factions to ensure the protection of civilians in all of their areas of control. Also, armed opposition factions should distinguish between civilians and military targets, and cease any indiscriminate attacks.
 

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SNHR said today that no less than 15 massacres were perpetrated by the parties to the conflict in Syria in the month of July.
 
The report notes that the first two years of the popular uprising saw the largest portion of ethnic and sectarian cleansing massacres, where the Syrian regime and its militias were responsible for the majority of these massacres. In mid-2013, Syrian regime forces started relying heavily on warplanes and they were also used later by international coalition forces and Russian forces. The wide use of aerial bombardment doubled the numbers of victims and caused huge destruction to the infrastructure, as one or two new massacres at least are recorded almost every day.
 
This report draws upon the ongoing monitoring of news and development by SNHR team, and on accounts by survivors, eyewitnesses, and local media activists as the report contains — accounts that have been collected by speaking directly to eyewitnesses and are not cited from any open sources, in addition to analyzing a large number of videos and pictures that were posted online or sent by local activists.
 
The report notes that Russian-Syrian alliance forces launched a vicious offensive in Daraa governorate on June 15 that lasted throughout July. The offensive was later expanded to include all of the areas that are not under Syrian regime forces’ control in south Syria which saw the use of all kinds of weapons and ended with the Syrian regime regaining control and forcibly displacing those areas’ residents as displacement waves started on July 15. We were able to document seven massacres by Russian-Syrian alliance forces in July, all of which were in south Syria.
In addition, July 25 saw an operation by ISIS that snuck to Suwyada city and a number of villages in its suburbs and perpetrated five massacres at least before withdrawing.
 
The report documents no less 201 massacres that have been perpetrated by the parties to the conflict in Syria since the start of 2018. In addition, the report records no less than 15 massacres in July. The report uses the term “massacre” to refer to an incident in which five peaceful individuals or more are killed in the same attack. Based on this definition, Syrian regime forces were responsible for seven massacres in July, while Russian forces perpetrated one massacre. Additionally, ISIS was responsible for six massacres while the report records one massacre by other parties.
 
According to the report, the massacres documented this month have resulted in the killing of 219 individuals, including 28 children and 30 women (adult female). This means that 31% of all victims were women and children, which is a considerably high percentage, and an indication that civilian residents were targeted in most of these massacres.
 
The report breaks down the death toll of July’s massacres, as 219 civilians were killed in the massacres by Syrian regime forces, including 38 children and 30 women. On the other hand, six civilians, including five children, were killed in the massacres perpetrated by Russian forces, while 155 individuals were killed in the massacres by ISIS, including 13 children and 16 women. Lastly, six civilians, including one child were killed in the massacre by other parties.
 
The report stresses that Syrian-Russian alliance forces have violated Security Council resolutions 2139 and 2254 through indiscriminate attacks. Also, The Syrian and Russian regime have violated Article 7 and 8 of Rome Statute through the act of willful killing, as well as the rules of the international human rights law which guarantee the right to life. Given that these violations were committed in a non-international armed conflict, they qualify as war crimes.
 
The report notes that the attacks by Coalition forces (the international coalition and SDF) have caused collateral damages that involved loss of lives, injuries, or significant damages to civilian facilities. There are strong indicators suggesting that the damage was too excessive compared to the anticipated military benefit.
 
The report adds that the other parties carried out attacks that resulted in civilian deaths, confirming that these violations might constitute war crimes, but don’t qualify as crimes against humanity as with the Syrian regime and its pro-regime forces.
 
The report calls on the Security Council to take additional steps after resolutions 2139 and 2254 have been adopted. Also, the report stresses that the Syrian case should be referred to the International Criminal Court and all those who were involved should be held accountable, including the Russian regime whose involvement in war crimes has been proven.
 
In addition, the report calls for the implementation of the “Responsibility to Protect (R2P)” norm, especially after all political channels have been consumed through all agreements, as well as Cessation of Hostilities statements and Astana agreements. The report stresses that action should be taken under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, and the “Responsibility to Protect” norm, which was established by the United Nations General Assembly, should be implemented.
The report calls on the European Union and the United States of America to support the International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism that was established in accordance with General Assembly Resolution 71/248, adopted on December 21, 2016. And establish local tribunals that enjoy a universal jurisdiction, and address the war crimes that were perpetrated in Syria.
 
Also, the report calls on the Commission of Inquiry (COI) and the International, Impartial, and Independent Mechanism (IIIM) to launch investigations on the incidents included in this report and past reports. The report stresses that SNHR is willing to cooperate and provide more evidences and data.
 
Additionally, the report calls on the Russian regime and international coalition forces to launch investigations in the incidents included in the report, made the findings of these investigations public to the Syrian people, and hold all who were involved accountable.
 
Further, the report calls on the SDF-supporting states to apply pressure on these forces in order to compel them to cease all of their violations in all the areas and towns that are under their control. And cease all forms of support, including weapons.
Lastly, the report calls on armed opposition factions to ensure the protection of civilians in all of their areas of control. Also, armed opposition factions should distinguish between civilians and military targets, and cease any indiscriminate attacks.
 

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SNHR said today that no less than 186 massacres were perpetrated by the parties to the conflict in Syria in the first half of 2018, including 15 massacres that were documented in June.

The report notes that the first two years of the popular uprising saw the largest portion of ethnic and sectarian cleansing massacres, where the Syrian regime and its militias were responsible for the majority of these massacres. In mid-2013, Syrian regime forces started relying heavily on warplanes and they were also used later by international coalition forces and Russian forces. The wide use of aerial bombardment doubled the numbers of victims and caused huge destruction to the infrastructure, as one or two new massacres at least are recorded almost every day.

This report draws upon the ongoing monitoring of news and development by SNHR team, and on accounts by survivors, eyewitnesses, and local media activists as the report contains one account that has been collected by speaking directly to eyewitnesses and are not cited from any open sources, in addition to analyzing a large number of videos and pictures that were posted online or sent by local activists.

The report notes that Syrian-Russian alliance forces launched a vicious offensive in mid-June in south Syria. These forces established their control over numerous areas while the offensive resulted in a number of massacres against civilians, as the report records eight massacres in Daraa governorate.
According to the report, Syrian-Russian alliance forces topped all parties with 10 massacres out of 15 massacres that were recorded in June. In addition, international coalition forces perpetrated massacres in Syria’s eastern region for a second month in a row, as three massacres were recorded, including two in Hasaka governorate.
 
The report records no less than 186 massacres perpetrated by the parties to the conflict in Syria in the first half of 2018, while outlining the massacres that were perpetrated in June that saw no less than 15 massacres. The report uses the term “massacre” to refer to an incident in which five peaceful individuals or more are killed in the same attack. Based on this definition, Syrian regime forces were responsible for 122 massacres in the first half of 2018, while Russian forces were responsible for 24. Kurdish Self-Management forces perpetrated three massacres, whereas international coalition forces perpetrated 15 massacres. Lastly, 22 massacres were perpetrated by other parties.
 
According to the report, these massacres resulted in the killing of 2,257 civilians, including 660 children and 479 women (adult female). This means that 51% of all victims were women and children, which is a considerably high percentage, and an indication that civilian residents were targeted in most of these massacres.
 
The report breaks down the death toll of these massacres, as Syrian regime forces killed 1,502 civilians, including 385 children and 295 women, while 291 civilians, including 103 children and 68 women were killed in the massacres perpetrated by Russian forces. International coalition forces’ massacres resulted in the death of 199 civilians, including 101 children and 55 women, whereas Kurdish Self-Management forces killed 28 civilians, including one child and 12 women, in their massacres. Lastly, 237 civilians, including 70 children and 49 women, were killed in massacres by other parties.
 
The report outlines the massacres of June that recorded 15 massacres. Of those, nine were by Syrian regime forces, while Russian forces were responsible for one massacre. International coalition forces perpetrated three massacres, while two massacres were perpetrated by other parties.
 
According to the report, the massacres documented this month have resulted in the killing of 206 civilians, including 51 children and 34 women (adult female). This means that 41% of all victims were women and children, which is a considerably high percentage, and an indication that civilian residents were targeted in most of these massacres.
 
The report breaks down the death toll of June’s massacres, as Syrian regime forces killed 100 civilians, including 18 children and 16 women, while Russian forces killed 53 civilians, including 10 children and nine women, in one massacre. International coalition forces killed 33 civilians, including 20 children and six women, in their massacres, while 20 civilians, including three children and three women, were killed by other parties.
 
The report stresses that Syrian-Russian alliance forces have violated Security Council resolutions 2139 and 2254 through indiscriminate attacks. Also, The Syrian and Russian regime have violated Article 7 and 8 of Rome Statute through the act of willful killing, as well as the rules of the international human rights law which guarantee the right to life. Given that these violations were committed in a non-international armed conflict, they qualify as war crimes.
 
The report notes that the attacks by Coalition forces (the international coalition and SDF) have caused collateral damages that involved loss of lives, injuries, or significant damages to civilian facilities. There are strong indicators suggesting that the damage was too excessive compared to the anticipated military benefit.
 
The report adds that the other parties carried out attacks that resulted in civilian deaths, confirming that these violations might constitute war crimes, but don’t qualify as crimes against humanity as with the Syrian regime and its pro-regime forces.
 
The report calls on the Security Council to take additional steps after resolutions 2139 and 2254 have been adopted. Also, the report stresses that the Syrian case should be referred to the International Criminal Court and all those who were involved should be held accountable, including the Russian regime whose involvement in war crimes has been proven.
 
In addition, the report calls for the implementation of the “Responsibility to Protect (R2P)” norm, especially after all political channels have been consumed through all agreements, as well as Cessation of Hostilities statements and Astana agreements. The report stresses that action should be taken under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, and the “Responsibility to Protect” norm, which was established by the United Nations General Assembly, should be implemented.
The report calls on the European Union and the United States of America to support the International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism that was established in accordance with General Assembly Resolution 71/248, adopted on December 21, 2016. And establish local tribunals that enjoy a universal jurisdiction, and address the war crimes that were perpetrated in Syria.
 
Also, the report calls on the Commission of Inquiry (COI) and the International, Impartial, and Independent Mechanism (IIIM) to launch investigations on the incidents included in this report and past reports. The report stresses that SNHR is willing to cooperate and provide more evidences and data.
 
Additionally, the report calls on the Russian regime and international coalition forces to launch investigations in the incidents included in the report, made the findings of these investigations public to the Syrian people, and hold all who were involved accountable.
 
Further, the report calls on the SDF-supporting states to apply pressure on these forces in order to compel them to cease all of their violations in all the areas and towns that are under their control. And cease all forms of support, including weapons.
Lastly, the report calls on armed opposition factions to ensure the protection of civilians in all of their areas of control. Also, armed opposition factions should distinguish between civilians and military targets, and cease any indiscriminate attacks.
 

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SNHR said today that no less than 11 massacres perpetrated by the parties to the conflict in Syria were documented in the month of May.
 
The report notes that the first two years of the popular uprising saw the largest portion of ethnic and sectarian cleansing massacres, where the Syrian regime and its militias were responsible for the majority of these massacres. In mid-2013, Syrian regime forces started relying heavily on warplanes and they were also used later by international coalition forces and Russian forces. The wide use of aerial bombardment doubled the numbers of victims and caused huge destruction to the infrastructure, as one or two new massacres at least are recorded almost every day.
 
This report draws upon the ongoing monitoring of news and development by SNHR team, and on accounts by survivors, eyewitnesses, and local media activists as the report contains two accounts that have been collected by speaking directly to eyewitnesses and not cited from any open sources, in addition to analyzing a large number of videos and pictures that were posted online or sent by local activists.
 
The report records a notable drop in toll of massacres in Syria for a second month in a raw. May saw a number of agreements that resulted in Syrian regime forces, backed by Russia, completely seizing control of south Damascus, as well as areas in northern suburbs of Homs governorate. The residents of those areas were forcibly displaced to north Syria. In the wake of those agreement, rates of bombardments by Syrian-Russian alliance forces have notably dropped in most areas, which, in turn, reflected on the civilian death toll and massacres against civilians.
Rates of international coalition airstrikes in the eastern region of Syria, the report adds, have raised in May, particularly in southern suburbs of Hasaka governorate, as international coalition forces topped all parties in terms of massacres with five massacres, in which 60 civilians were killed. Of those, 80% were children and women. May also saw a notable increase in numbers of bombings and killings by the way of gunshot in most of the areas that aren’t under the control of Syrian regime forces.
 
The report documents no less than 171 massacres that have been perpetrated by the parties to the conflict in Syria since the start of 2018. In addition, the report records no less than 11 massacres in May. The report uses the term “massacre” to refer to an incident in which five peaceful individuals are killed in the same attack. Based on this report, Syrian regime forces were responsible for three massacres in May, Russian forces were responsible for one massacre, and international coalition forces were responsible for five massacres. Lastly, two massacres were perpetrated by other parties.
 
According to the victim documentation team at SNHR, these massacres resulted in the killing of 103 civilians, including 45 children and 28 women (adult female). This means that 71% of all victims were women and children, which is a considerably high percentage, and an indication that civilian residents were targeted in most of these massacres.
 
The report breaks down the death toll of May’s massacres, as 19 civilians, including nine children and six women by Syrian regime forces, while eight civilians (five children and three men) were killed in the massacre by Russian forces. The death toll of international coalition forces’ massacres amounted to 60 civilians, including 29 children and 19 women, while 16 civilians, including two children, were killed in the massacres perpetrated by other parties.
 
The report stresses that Syrian-Russian alliance forces have violated Security Council resolutions 2139 and 2254 through indiscriminate attacks. Also, The Syrian and Russian regime have violated Article 7 and 8 of Rome Statute through the act of willful killing, as well as the rules of the international human rights law which guarantee the right to life. Given that these violations were committed in a non-international armed conflict, they qualify as war crimes.
 
The report notes that the attacks by Coalition forces (the international coalition and SDF) have caused collateral damages that involved loss of lives, injuries, or significant damages to civilian facilities. There are strong indicators suggesting that the damage was too excessive compared to the anticipated military benefit.
 
The report adds that other parties carried out attacks that resulted in civilian deaths, confirming that these violations might constitute war crimes, but don’t qualify as crimes against humanity as with the Syrian regime and its pro-regime forces.
 
The report calls on the Security Council to take additional steps after resolutions 2139 and 2254 have been adopted. Also, the report stresses that the Syrian case should be referred to the International Criminal Court and all those who were involved should be held accountable, including the Russian regime whose involvement in war crimes has been proven.
 
In addition, the report calls for the implementation of the “Responsibility to Protect (R2P)” norm, especially after all political channels have been consumed through all agreements, as well as Cessation of Hostilities statements and Astana agreements. The report stresses that action should be taken under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, and the “Responsibility to Protect” norm, which was established by the United Nations General Assembly, should be implemented.
 
The report calls on the European Union and the United States of America to support the International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism that was established in accordance with General Assembly Resolution 71/248, adopted on December 21, 2016. And establish local tribunals that enjoy a universal jurisdiction, and address the war crimes that were perpetrated in Syria.
  
Also, the report calls on the Commission of Inquiry (COI) and the International, Impartial, and Independent Mechanism (IIIM) to launch investigations on the incidents included in this report and past reports. The report stresses that SNHR is willing to cooperate and provide more evidences and data.
 
Additionally, the report calls on the Russian regime and international coalition forces to launch investigations in the incidents included in the report, made the findings of these investigations public to the Syrian people, and hold all who were involved accountable.
 
Further, the report calls on the SDF-supporting states to apply pressure on these forces in order to compel them to cease all of their violations in all the areas and towns that are under their control. And cease all forms of support, including weapons.
 
Lastly, the report calls on armed opposition factions to ensure the protection of civilians in all of their areas of control. Also, armed opposition factions should distinguish between civilians and military targets, and cease any indiscriminate attacks.
 

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SNHR said today that no less than nine massacres perpetrated by the parties to the conflict in Syria were documented in the month of April 2018.
 
The report notes that the first two years of the popular uprising saw the largest portion of ethnic and sectarian cleansing massacres, where the Syrian regime and its militias were responsible for the majority of these massacres. In mid-2013, Syrian regime forces started relying heavily on warplanes and they were also used later by international coalition forces and Russian forces. The wide use of aerial bombardment doubled the numbers of victims and caused huge destruction to the infrastructure, as one or two new massacres at least are recorded almost every day.
 
This report draws upon the ongoing monitoring of news and development by SNHR team, and on accounts by survivors, eyewitnesses, and local media activists as the report contains one account that have been collected by speaking directly to eyewitnesses and not cited from any open sources, in addition to analyzing a large number of videos and pictures that were posted online or sent by local activists.
 
The report notes an unprecedented drop in the toll of massacres in April. According to the report, Syrian regime forces topped all parties by perpetrating two-thirds of the massacre, killing 106 civilians, 46% of whom were children and women. Of those, 41 civilians suffocated to death on April 7, as Syrian regime air forces carried out on that day the largest chemical attack in Syria, since Khan Sheikhoun attack in April 2017, on Douma city, Damascus suburbs.
 
The report documents no less than 160 massacres that have been perpetrated by the parties to the conflict in Syria since the start of 2018. In addition, the report records no less than nine massacres in April. The report uses the term “massacre” to refer to an incident in which five peaceful individuals are killed in the same attack. Based on this report, Syrian regime forces were responsible for six massacres in April, Kurdish Self-Management forces were responsible for one massacre, while the report records two massacres by other parties.
 
According to the report, these massacres resulted in the killing of 159 civilians, including 42 children and 43 women (adult female). This means that 54% of all victims were women and children, which is a considerably high percentage, and an indication that civilian residents were targeted in most of these massacres.
 
The report breaks down the death toll of April’s massacres, as 106 civilians were killed in the massacres by Syrian regime forces, including 22 children and 26 women. On the other hand, 11 civilians, including one child and seven women, were killed by Kurdish Self-Management forces. Additionally, 42 civilians, including 19 children and 10 women, were killed in the massacres by other parties.
 
The report stresses that Syrian-Russian alliance forces have violated Security Council resolutions 2139 and 2254 through indiscriminate attacks. Also, The Syrian and Russian regime have violated Article 7 and 8 of Rome Statute through the act of willful killing, as well as the rules of the international human rights law which guarantee the right to life. Given that these violations were committed in a non-international armed conflict, they qualify as war crimes.
 
The report notes that the attacks by Coalition forces (the international coalition and SDF) have caused collateral damages that involved loss of lives, injuries, or significant damages to civilian facilities. There are strong indicators suggesting that the damage was too excessive compared to the anticipated military benefit.
 
The report adds that Self-Management forces and other parties carried out attacks that resulted in civilian deaths, confirming that these violations might constitute war crimes, but don’t qualify as crimes against humanity as with the Syrian regime and its pro-regime forces.
 
The report calls on the Security Council to take additional steps after resolutions 2139 and 2254 have been adopted. Also, the report stresses that the Syrian case should be referred to the International Criminal Court and all those who were involved should be held accountable, including the Russian regime whose involvement in war crimes has been proven.
 
In addition, the report calls for the implementation of the “Responsibility to Protect (R2P)” norm, especially after all political channels have been consumed through all agreements, as well as Cessation of Hostilities statements and Astana agreements. The report stresses that action should be taken under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, and the “Responsibility to Protect” norm, which was established by the United Nations General Assembly, should be implemented.
 
The report calls on the European Union and the United States of America to support the International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism that was established in accordance with General Assembly Resolution 71/248, adopted on December 21, 2016. And establish local tribunals that enjoy a universal jurisdiction, and address the war crimes that were perpetrated in Syria.
 
Also, the report calls on the Commission of Inquiry (COI) and the International, Impartial, and Independent Mechanism (IIIM) to launch investigations on the incidents included in this report and past reports. The report stresses that SNHR is willing to cooperate and provide more evidences and data.
 
Additionally, the report calls on the Russian regime and international coalition forces to launch investigations in the incidents included in the report, made the findings of these investigations public to the Syrian people, and hold all who were involved accountable.
 
Further, the report calls on the SDF-supporting states to apply pressure on these forces in order to compel them to cease all of their violations in all the areas and towns that are under their control. And cease all forms of support, including weapons.
 
Lastly, the report calls on armed opposition factions to ensure the protection of civilians in all of their areas of control. Also, armed opposition factions should distinguish between civilians and military targets, and cease any indiscriminate attacks.
 

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SNHR said today that 54 massacres at least were perpetrated by the parties to the conflict in Syria in the month of March 2018.
 
The report notes that the first two years of the popular uprising saw the largest portion of ethnic and sectarian cleansing massacres, where the Syrian regime and its militias were responsible for the majority of these massacres. In mid-2013, Syrian regime forces started relying heavily on warplanes and they were also used later by international coalition forces and Russian forces. The wide use of aerial bombardment doubled the numbers of victims and caused huge destruction to the infrastructure, as one or two new massacres at least are recorded almost every day.
 
This report draws upon the ongoing monitoring of news and development by SNHR team, and on accounts by survivors, eyewitnesses, and local media activists as the report contains two accounts that have been collected by speaking directly to eyewitnesses and not cited from any open sources, in addition to analyzing a large number of videos and pictures that were posted online or sent by local activists.
 
The report records a rise in the number of massacres perpetrated by Syrian regime forces in March for the second month in a row as the Syrian regime’s vicious offensive against Eastern Ghouta, which is a de-escalation zone, continues. The offensive has resulted, so far, in the Syrian regime seizing control of 80% of Eastern Ghouta and forcibly displacing most of the region’s residents.
The report adds that Syrian regime forces topped all parties this month with 40 massacres, including 39 in Eastern Ghouta, while Russian forces were responsible for four massacres, all took place in Idlib governorate.
 
The report documents no less than 151 massacres that have been perpetrated by the parties to the conflict in Syria since the start of 2018. in March. In addition, the report records no less than 54 massacres in March. The report uses the term “massacre” to refer to an incident in which five peaceful individuals are killed in the same attack. Based on this report, Syrian regime forces were responsible for 40 massacres in March, while Russian forces perpetrated four massacres. Additionally, Self-Management forces were responsible for two massacres, while the report records right massacres by other parties.
 
According to the report, these massacres resulted in the killing of 783 civilians, including 198 children and 138 women (adult female). This means that 43% of all victims were women and children, which is a considerably high percentage, and an indication that civilian residents were targeted in most of these massacres.
 
The report breaks down the death toll of March’s massacres, as 620 civilians were killed in the massacres by Syrian regime forces, including 142 children and 105 women. On the other hand, 78 civilians, including 41 children and 14 women, were killed in the massacres perpetrated by Russian forces, while Kurdish Self-Management forces killed 17 individuals, including five women. Lastly, 68 civilians, including 15 children and 14 women, were killed in the massacres by other parties.
 
The report stresses that Syrian-Russian alliance forces have violated Security Council resolutions 2139 and 2254 through indiscriminate attacks. Also, The Syrian and Russian regime have violated Article 7 and 8 of Rome Statute through the act of willful killing, as well as the rules of the international human rights law which guarantee the right to life. Given that these violations were committed in a non-international armed conflict, they qualify as war crimes.
 
The report notes that the attacks by Coalition forces (the international coalition and SDF) have caused collateral damages that involved loss of lives, injuries, or significant damages to civilian facilities. There are strong indicators suggesting that the damage was too excessive compared to the anticipated military benefit.
 
The report adds that the other parties carried out attacks that resulted in civilian deaths, confirming that these violations might constitute war crimes, but don’t qualify as crimes against humanity as with the Syrian regime and its pro-regime forces.
 
The report calls on the Security Council to take additional steps after resolutions 2139 and 2254 have been adopted. Also, the report stresses that the Syrian case should be referred to the International Criminal Court and all those who were involved should be held accountable, including the Russian regime whose involvement in war crimes has been proven.
 
In addition, the report calls for the implementation of the “Responsibility to Protect (R2P)” norm, especially after all political channels have been consumed through all agreements, as well as Cessation of Hostilities statements and Astana agreements. The report stresses that action should be taken under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, and the “Responsibility to Protect” norm, which was established by the United Nations General Assembly, should be implemented.
 
The report calls on the European Union and the United States of America to support the International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism that was established in accordance with General Assembly Resolution 71/248, adopted on December 21, 2016. And establish local tribunals that enjoy a universal jurisdiction, and address the war crimes that were perpetrated in Syria.
 
Also, the report calls on the Commission of Inquiry (COI) and the International, Impartial, and Independent Mechanism (IIIM) to launch investigations on the incidents included in this report and past reports. The report stresses that SNHR is willing to cooperate and provide more evidences and data.
 
Additionally, the report calls on the Russian regime and international coalition forces to launch investigations in the incidents included in the report, made the findings of these investigations public to the Syrian people, and hold all who were involved accountable.
 
Further, the report calls on the SDF-supporting states to apply pressure on these forces in order to compel them to cease all of their violations in all the areas and towns that are under their control. And cease all forms of support, including weapons.
 
Lastly, the report calls on armed opposition factions to ensure the protection of civilians in all of their areas of control. Also, armed opposition factions should distinguish between civilians and military targets, and cease any indiscriminate attacks.
 

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SNHR said today that 69 massacres at least were perpetrated by the parties to the conflict in Syria in the month of February 2018.
 
The report notes that the first two years of the popular uprising saw the largest portion of ethnic and sectarian cleansing massacres, where the Syrian regime and its militias were responsible for the majority of these massacres. In mid-2013, Syrian regime forces started relying heavily on warplanes and they were also used later by international coalition forces and Russian forces. The wide use of aerial bombardment doubled the numbers of victims and caused huge destruction to the infrastructure, as one or two new massacres at least are recorded almost every day.
 
This report draws upon the ongoing monitoring of news and development by SNHR team, and on accounts by survivors, eyewitnesses, and local media activists as the report contains two accounts that have been collected by speaking directly to eyewitnesses and not cited from any open sources, in addition to analyzing a large number of videos and pictures that were posted online or sent by local activists.
 
The report notes that the number of massacres against civilians by Syrian-Russian alliance forces has increased to more than three times as many massacres recorded by the same forces in January in light of the ruthless offensive by Syrian-Russian alliance forces in de-escalation zones, as Eastern Ghouta saw 46 massacres all at the hands of Syrian regime forces who topped all parties with 53 massacres throughout Syria, while Idlib governorate, another de-escalation zone, saw five massacres by Syrian regime forces who came second with seven massacres throughout Syria.
 
The report documents no less than 69 massacres in February. The report uses the term “massacre” to refer to an incident in which five peaceful individuals are killed in the same attack. Based on this report, Syrian regime forces were responsible for 53 massacres in February, while Russian forces perpetrated seven massacres. In addition, international coalition forces perpetrated six massacres, whereas the report records three massacres by other parties.
 
According to the victim documentation team at SNHR, these massacres resulted in the killing of 764 civilians, including 236 children and 165 women (adult female). This means that 54% of all victims were women and children, which is a considerably high percentage, and an indication that civilian residents were targeted in most of these massacres.
 
According to the report, 563 civilians were killed in the massacres by Syrian regime forces, including 158 children and 122 women. On the other hand, 58 civilians, including 20 children and 12 women, in the massacres perpetrated by Russian forces, while international coalition forces killed 101 civilians, including 51 children and 30 women in the massacres they perpetrated. Lastly, 24 civilians, including seven children and one woman, were killed in massacres by other parties.
 
The report stresses that Syrian-Russian alliance forces have violated Security Council resolutions 2139 and 2254 through indiscriminate attacks. Also, The Syrian and Russian regime have violated Article 7 and 8 of Rome Statute through the act of willful killing, as well as the rules of the international human rights law which guarantee the right to life. Given that these violations were committed in a non-international armed conflict, they qualify as war crimes.
 
The report notes that the attacks by Coalition forces (the international coalition and SDF) have caused collateral damages that involved loss of lives, injuries, or significant damages to civilian facilities. There are strong indicators suggesting that the damage was too excessive compared to the anticipated military benefit.
 
The report adds that other parties carried out attacks that resulted in civilian deaths, confirming that these violations might constitute war crimes, but don’t qualify as crimes against humanity as with the Syrian regime and its pro-regime forces.
 
The report calls on the Security Council to take additional steps after resolutions 2139 and 2254 have been adopted. Also, the report stresses that the Syrian case should be referred to the International Criminal Court and all those who were involved should be held accountable, including the Russian regime whose involvement in war crimes has been proven.
 
In addition, the report calls for the implementation of the “Responsibility to Protect (R2P)” norm, especially after all political channels have been consumed through all agreements, as well as Cessation of Hostilities statements and Astana agreements. The report stresses that action should be taken under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, and the “Responsibility to Protect” norm, which was established by the United Nations General Assembly, should be implemented.
 
The report calls on the European Union and the United States of America to support the International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism that was established in accordance with General Assembly Resolution 71/248, adopted on December 21, 2016. And establish local tribunals that enjoy a universal jurisdiction, and address the war crimes that were perpetrated in Syria.
 
Also, the report calls on the Commission of Inquiry (COI) and the International, Impartial, and Independent Mechanism (IIIM) to launch investigations on the incidents included in this report and past reports. The report stresses that SNHR is willing to cooperate and provide more evidences and data.
 
Additionally, the report calls on the Russian regime and international coalition forces to launch investigations in the incidents included in the report, made the findings of these investigations public to the Syrian people, and hold all who were involved accountable.
 
Further, the report calls on the SDF-supporting states to apply pressure on these forces in order to compel them to cease all of their violations in all the areas and towns that are under their control. And cease all forms of support, including weapons.
 
Lastly, the report calls on armed opposition factions to ensure the protection of civilians in all of their areas of control. Also, armed opposition factions should distinguish between civilians and military targets, and cease any indiscriminate attacks.
 

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SNHR said today that 28 massacres at least were perpetrated by the parties to the conflict in Syria in the month of January 2018.
 
The report notes that the first two years of the popular uprising saw the largest portion of ethnic and sectarian cleansing massacres, where the Syrian regime and its militias were responsible for the majority of these massacres. In mid-2013, Syrian regime forces started relying heavily on warplanes and they were also used later by international coalition forces and Russian forces. The wide use of aerial bombardment doubled the numbers of victims and caused huge destruction to the infrastructure, as one or two new massacres at least are recorded almost every day.
 
This report draws upon the ongoing monitoring of news and development by SNHR team, and on accounts by survivors, eyewitnesses, and local media activists as the report contains four accounts that have been collected by speaking directly to eyewitnesses and not cited from any open sources, in addition to analyzing a large number of videos and pictures that were posted online or sent by local activists.
 
The report notes that the Syrian-Russian alliance forces’ attacks were concentrated in Idlib governorate and Eastern Ghouta, Damascus suburbs, as the report records seven massacres in Eastern Ghouta by Syrian regime forces’ artillery, while the report held Russian forces responsible for eight massacres in Idlib governorate.
 
According to the report, Idlib governorate saw the most massacres with 11 massacres, followed by Damascus suburbs governorate with nine massacres, and then Aleppo with six massacres.
 
The documents the toll of massacres in January which recorded 28 massacres. Additionally, the report sheds light on the most notable massacres. The report uses the term “massacre” to refer to an incident in which five peaceful individuals are killed in the same attack. Based on this report, Syrian regime forces and Russian forces both were responsible for 11 massacres in January, while international coalition forces perpetrated one massacre.
 
According to the victim documentation team at SNHR, these massacres resulted in the killing of 260 civilians, including 88 children and 71 women (adult female). This means that 62% of all victims were women and children, which is a considerably high percentage, and an indication that civilian residents were targeted in most of these massacres.
 
According to the report, 94 individuals were killed in the massacres by Syrian regime forces, including 36 children and 20 women, while Russian forces killed 94 civilians, including 27 children and 30 women, in the massacres they perpetrated. On the other hand, the death toll in the massacre that international coalition forces perpetrated was 5 civilians, including one child.
 
The report stresses that Syrian-Russian alliance forces have violated Security Council resolutions 2139 and 2254 through indiscriminate attacks. Also, The Syrian and Russian regime have violated Article 7 and 8 of Rome Statute through the act of willful killing, as well as the rules of the international human rights law which guarantee the right to life. Given that these violations were committed in a non-international armed conflict, they qualify as war crimes.
 
The report notes that the attacks by Coalition forces (the international coalition and SDF) have caused collateral damages that involved loss of lives, injuries, or significant damages to civilian facilities. There are strong indicators suggesting that the damage was too excessive compared to the anticipated military benefit.
 
The report adds that other parties carried out attacks that resulted in civilian deaths, confirming that these violations might constitute war crimes, but don’t qualify as crimes against humanity as with the Syrian regime and its pro-regime forces.
 
The report calls on the Security Council to take additional steps after resolutions 2139 and 2254 have been adopted. Also, the report stresses that the Syrian case should be referred to the International Criminal Court and all those who were involved should be held accountable, including the Russian regime whose involvement in war crimes has been proven.
 
In addition, the report calls for the implementation of the “Responsibility to Protect (R2P)” norm, especially after all political channels have been consumed through all agreements, as well as Cessation of Hostilities statements and Astana agreements. The report stresses that action should be taken under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, and the “Responsibility to Protect” norm, which was established by the United Nations General Assembly, should be implemented.
 
The report calls on the European Union and the United States of America to support the International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism that was established in accordance with General Assembly Resolution 71/248, adopted on December 21, 2016. And establish local tribunals that enjoy a universal jurisdiction, and address the war crimes that were perpetrated in Syria.
 
Also, the report calls on the Commission of Inquiry (COI) and the International, Impartial, and Independent Mechanism (IIIM) to launch investigations on the incidents included in this report and past reports. The report stresses that SNHR is willing to cooperate and provide more evidences and data.
 
Additionally, the report calls on the Russian regime and international coalition forces to launch investigations in the incidents included in the report, made the findings of these investigations public to the Syrian people, and hold all who were involved accountable.
 
Further, the report calls on the SDF-supporting states to apply pressure on these forces in order to compel them to cease all of their violations in all the areas and towns that are under their control. And cease all forms of support, including weapons.
 
Lastly, the report calls on armed opposition factions to ensure the protection of civilians in all of their areas of control. Also, armed opposition factions should distinguish between civilians and military targets, and cease any indiscriminate attacks.
 

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